4.7 Article

The role of environmental conditions on the carbonation of an alkali-activated cementitious waste form

期刊

CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
卷 151, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106645

关键词

Carbonation; Drying; Relative humidity; Alkali activated cement; Grout; Radioactive waste

资金

  1. U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC01-06EW07053]
  2. Agency of the United States Government

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This study investigated the effects of environmental CO2 concentration and relative humidity on the carbonation of Cast Stone, finding that different humidity levels and CO2 concentrations had different impacts on the carbonation reaction. Carbonation reactions increased the drying rate of Cast Stone and redistribution of sodium towards the wetting front was observed under drying and carbonation conditions.
Cast Stone is a cementitious waste form being considered for the solidification of low activity waste at the DOE Hanford Site. Under near-surface disposal conditions in an arid environment, Cast Stone is subject to drying and carbonation which may impact retention of waste constituents. This study investigates the effects of environmental CO2 concentration and relative humidity (RH) on the carbonation of Cast Stone. The rate of carbonation front ingress and the extent of carbonation reaction were characterized for samples aged up to 48 weeks at three RH levels and two CO2 concentrations. While the 68% RH environment allowed the greatest reaction extent, the 15% RH environment yielded the deepest carbonation front ingress. At 68% RH, there was a linear relationship between the ingress rate and CO2 concentration. Carbonation reactions increased the drying rate of Cast Stone. Redistribution of sodium toward the wetting front was observed under drying and carbonation conditions.

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