期刊
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
卷 78, 期 24, 页码 8073-8095出版社
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04010-6
关键词
Cytokines; Glycoprotein; Inflammation; Lectin; Leukocytes
资金
- National Science Foundation [BIR-961477]
- University of Minnesota Medical School
- Minnesota Medical Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB1123]
- Projekt DEAL
The trafficking and local activity of leukocytes are essential for various physiological processes. Microenvironments are complex due to the multiple mediators from diverse cell types playing regulated roles. Chemokines and galectins represent important effector molecules involved in inflammatory processes and have the capacity to form various molecular interactions in response to inflammation.
Trafficking of leukocytes and their local activity profile are of pivotal importance for many (patho)physiological processes. Fittingly, microenvironments are complex by nature, with multiple mediators originating from diverse cell types and playing roles in an intimately regulated manner. To dissect aspects of this complexity, effectors are initially identified and structurally characterized, thus prompting familial classification and establishing foci of research activity. In this regard, chemokines present themselves as role models to illustrate the diversification and fine-tuning of inflammatory processes. This in turn discloses the interplay among chemokines, their cell receptors and cognate glycosaminoglycans, as well as their capacity to engage in new molecular interactions that form hetero-oligomers between themselves and other classes of effector molecules. The growing realization of versatility of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins that bind to glycans and proteins and their presence at sites of inflammation led to testing the hypothesis that chemokines and galectins can interact with each other by protein-protein interactions. In this review, we present some background on chemokines and galectins, as well as experimental validation of this chemokine-galectin heterodimer concept exemplified with CXCL12 and galectin-3 as proof-of-principle, as well as sketch out some emerging perspectives in this arena.
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