SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination elicits a robust and persistent T follicular helper cell response in humans

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination

Alicia T. Widge et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biology

Longitudinal high-throughput TCR repertoire profiling reveals the dynamics of T-cell memory formation after mild COVID-19 infection

Anastasia A. Minervina et al.

Summary: This study tracked changes in the T-cell repertoire of two mild COVID-19 cases and found transient clonal expansion of T-cell clones post-infection. The research revealed characteristic motifs in TCR sequences of COVID-19-reactive clones, with a preferential occurrence in publicly available datasets. Additionally, the study showed that the majority of infection-reactive clonotypes acquire memory phenotypes, indicating the potential involvement of pre-existing cross-reactive memory T cells in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.

ELIFE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Transcriptional and Metabolic Control of Memory B Cells and Plasma Cells

Tyler J. Ripperger et al.

Summary: The immune protection against infections and vaccines largely relies on the neutralizing-antibody-mediated immunity conferred by memory B cells and plasma cells. Understanding the unique roles of these cells and the factors controlling their formation and persistence are crucial during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. Research on the transcriptional and metabolic programs supporting B cell fates and functions can provide insights into the intersection of these pathways.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 39 (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia

Denis Y. Logunov et al.

Summary: The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine showed 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19 in the phase 3 trial, with good safety and tolerability in a large cohort of participants.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7

Pengfei Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants

Zijun Wang et al.

Summary: Volunteers who received the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed high levels of antibodies and memory B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, with activity similar to individuals who had recovered from natural infection. However, their efficacy against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants was reduced, indicating a potential need for periodic updates to mRNA vaccines to maintain clinical efficacy.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to neutralization by monoclonal and serum-derived polyclonal antibodies

Rita E. Chen et al.

Summary: The study analyzed antibody neutralization activity against a panel of authentic isolates and chimeric SARS-CoV-2 variants, showing significantly reduced neutralizing activity against the B.1.351 variant first identified in South Africa. Antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent sera, and mRNA vaccine-induced immune sera exhibited decreased inhibitory activity against viruses with an E484K spike mutation, suggesting a need for updated monoclonal antibodies or vaccine adjustments to prevent loss of protection against emerging variants.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Serum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by mRNA-1273 Vaccine

Kai Wu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The dawn of mRNA vaccines: The COVID-19 case

Rein Verbeke et al.

Summary: In less than a year since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, mRNA vaccines have made significant progress, with two receiving emergency use authorization and one moving to phase 3 clinical testing. These mRNA vaccines represent a new class of vaccine products, encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein to deliver mRNA to cells. The review provides a detailed overview of the composition, clinical performance, and design considerations of the most advanced mRNA vaccines, highlighting new insights and areas for future research and optimization.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

David S. Khoury et al.

Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

Mark M. Painter et al.

Summary: The study found that after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, CD4(+) T cell responses in naïve individuals were fast, while CD8(+) T cell responses developed gradually. Th1 and Tfh cell responses after the first dose were correlated with post-boost CD8(+) T cells and neutralizing antibodies.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nawal Al Kaabi et al.

Summary: This interim analysis of an ongoing randomized trial in the UAE and Bahrain evaluated the efficacy of two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in preventing symptomatic cases and adverse events in healthy adults. The study found that both vaccines significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 compared to the control group, with efficacy rates of 72.8% and 78.1%. Serious adverse events were rare across all groups.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses

Jackson S. Turner et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a persistent germinal centre B cell response in humans, leading to the generation of robust humoral immunity, especially more significant in individuals previously infected with the virus.

NATURE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Three Doses of an mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Nassim Kamar et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells enhance SARS-CoV-2 immune responses upon infection and vaccination

Lucie Loyal et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that preexisting spike-cross-reactive T cells play a functional role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cross-reactive immunity may explain the rapid induction of immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization and the high rate of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 cases.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Failure to seroconvert after two doses of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a patient with uncontrolled HIV

Emma Touizer et al.

Lancet HIV (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Functional characterization of CD4+ T cell receptors crossreactive for SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses

Arbor G. Dykema et al.

Summary: Our study confirms the presence of unique memory CD4(+) T cell clones recognizing both SARS-CoV-2 and CCCs. The lower avidity of crossreactive TCRs for SARS-CoV-2 may result in reduced proliferation capacity and impact clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these crossreactive T cell responses.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Comprehensive analysis of T cell immunodominance and immunoprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 cases

Alison Tarke et al.

Summary: By studying T cell responses in 99 convalescent COVID-19 cases, we identified various HLA-restricted epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2 and observed distinct patterns of immunodominance. The epitopes were combined into megapools to facilitate the identification and quantification of virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells in Human Tonsils and Blood Are Clonally Convergent but Divergent from Non-Tfh CD4+ Cells

Elena Brenna et al.

CELL REPORTS (2020)

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Article Biology

Primary and secondary anti-viral response captured by the dynamics and phenotype of individual T cell clones

Anastasia A. Minervina et al.

ELIFE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Imbalance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD4+ T Cells in COVID-19

Benjamin J. Meckiff et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2-Preliminary Report

L. A. Jackson et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human germinal centres engage memory and naive B cells after influenza vaccination

Jackson S. Turner et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Broad and strong memory CD4+and CD8+T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19

Yanchun Peng et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates

Edward E. Walsh et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults

E. J. Anderson et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Low-Avidity CD4+ T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Unexposed Individuals and Humans with Severe COVID-19

Petra Bacher et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes Are Recognized by a Public and Diverse Repertoire of Human T Cell Receptors

Alina S. Shomuradova et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Immunology

A subset of HLA-DP molecules serve as ligands for the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44

Annika Niehrs et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Detecting T cell receptors involved in immune responses from single repertoire snapshots

Mikhail Pogorelyy et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Do Memory CD4 T Cells Keep Their Cell-Type Programming: Plasticity versus Fate Commitment? Complexities of Interpretation due to the Heterogeneity of Memory CD4 T Cells, Including T Follicular Helper Cells

Shane Crotty

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Immunology

Improved methods for predicting peptide binding affinity to MHC class II molecules

Kamilla Kjaergaard Jensen et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Quantifiable predictive features define epitope-specific T cell receptor repertoires

Pradyot Dash et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identifying specificity groups in the T cell receptor repertoire

Jacob Glanville et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Article Immunology

A Temporal Switch in the Germinal Center Determines Differential Output of Memory B and Plasma Cells

Florian J. Weisel et al.

IMMUNITY (2016)

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Review Immunology

T follicular helper cells in space-time

Hai Qi

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Immunology

Quantitative Profiling of Immune Repertoires for Minor Lymphocyte Counts Using Unique Molecular Identifiers

Evgeny S. Egorov et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Immunology

Pathophysiology of T follicular helper cells in humans and mice

Hideki Ueno et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Letter Biochemical Research Methods

MiXCR: software for comprehensive adaptive immunity profiling

Dmitriy A. Bolotin et al.

NATURE METHODS (2015)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Towards error-free profiling of immune repertoires

Mikhail Shugay et al.

NATURE METHODS (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Regulation of germinal center responses and B-cell memory by the chromatin modifier MOZ

Kim L. Good-Jacobson et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single Naive CD4+ T Cells from a Diverse Repertoire Produce Different Effector Cell Types during Infection

Noah J. Tubo et al.

CELL (2013)

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Article Immunology

A molecular basis for the association of the HLA-DRB1 locus, citrullination, and rheumatoid arthritis

Stephen W. Scally et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2013)

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Review Immunology

Germinal Centers

Gabriel D. Victora et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 30 (2012)

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Article Cell Biology

T Cell Receptor αβ Diversity Inversely Correlates with Pathogen-Specific Antibody Levels in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

George C. Wang et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2012)

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Review Immunology

Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells (T-FH)

Shane Crotty

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 29 (2011)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Synchronous infection of SIV and HIV in vitro for virology, immunology and vaccine-related studies

Jonah B. Sacha et al.

NATURE PROTOCOLS (2010)

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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination elicits a robust and persistent T follicular helper cell response in humans

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