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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew Gagne et al.
Summary: mRNA-1273 vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 Delta decreases over time, and protection may be dependent on anamnestic antibody responses. The vaccine provides durable but delayed protection in the lungs, while a boost may be needed for rapid and sustained protection in the upper and lower airways.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Sette et al.
Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.
Article
Microbiology
Roanne Keeton et al.
Summary: The study shows that vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S after infection can significantly enhance protection against COVID-19, especially against different virus variants. In addition, the vaccine also induces robust CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, regardless of prior infection.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer M. Dan et al.
Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Anthony T. Tan et al.
Summary: This study found that early induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was present in patients with mild disease and accelerated viral clearance, while rapid induction and quantity of humoral responses were associated with an increase in disease severity. These findings highlight the importance of early functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in both vaccine design and immune monitoring.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alice Cho et al.
Summary: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to evolving B cell responses over at least a year, while vaccination with mRNA vaccines results in high plasma neutralizing activity against various variants. Memory B cells from vaccinated individuals show increased neutralizing activity between prime and boost, but do not exhibit further expansion in potency or breadth.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Rochelle P. Walensky et al.
Summary: The Viewpoint discusses the measures taken by federal agencies to rapidly characterize emerging coronavirus variants and monitor their implications for national pandemic response and control. This includes assessment of the ongoing effectiveness of current diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Keiya Uriu et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Melo-Gonzalez et al.
Summary: Vaccination with CoronaVac promotes the secretion of antibodies capable of blocking SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and partially neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, it stimulates cellular responses against all variants of concern.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leonidas Stamatatos et al.
Summary: The study found that vaccination of both previously infected individuals and those who were not infected resulted in increased neutralizing antibody titers, with previously infected individuals showing a greater boost in neutralizing titers. Vaccination of naive individuals also elicited cross-neutralizing responses, but at lower titers.
Review
Microbiology
Alba Grifoni et al.
Summary: This review summarizes recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes, highlighting the significant correlation between epitope number and antigen size. It also presents an analysis of 1,400 different reported SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and identifies discrete immunodominant regions of the virus and more prevalently recognized epitopes.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah P. Otto et al.
Summary: After a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, attention has shifted to the emergence and spread of variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2. These variants have shown detrimental effects on virus transmission and severity, prompting global efforts to understand their impact on disease control and public health interventions. Efforts are being made to explore the evolutionary processes involved in the emergence of new variants and to minimize their impact on the ongoing pandemic.
Article
Immunology
Aurelien Sokal et al.
Summary: This study examined the MBC responses in recovered and naive individuals after mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, finding that the MBC pool in recovered individuals expanded selectively, matured further, and had potent neutralizers against VOCs. Naive individuals displayed weaker neutralizing serum responses, but a significant portion of their RBD-specific MBCs showed high affinity to multiple VOCs, suggesting potential efficient response to VOCs in naive vaccinees.
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jose Mateus et al.
Summary: This study examined the immune responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine over 7 months, finding that subjects with preexisting cross-reactive T cell memory exhibited stronger CD4(+) T cell and antibody responses to the vaccine. This demonstrates the biological relevance and potential importance of cross-reactive T cells in generating immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathryn M. Hastie et al.
Summary: Antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines are crucial in combating COVID-19, especially with mutations and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. An international consortium identified multiple RBD-directed antibody communities, providing a framework for selecting treatment cocktails.
Article
Microbiology
Chiranjib Chakraborty et al.
Summary: The study analyzes the evolutionary patterns, geographical distributions, and transmission patterns of multiple emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as their impact on public health, including mutations within each lineage. The B.1.1.7 lineage shows the highest transmission frequency, and critical mutations (such as E484K, K417T/N, N501Y, and D614G) may affect vaccine efficacy. The findings will help in strategizing future pandemic planning, developing next-generation vaccines, and planning vaccination programs globally.
Article
Immunology
Daryl Geers et al.
Summary: This study suggests that some variants might partially escape humoral immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 vaccination, but the S-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation is not affected by the mutations in the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petra Mlcochova et al.
Summary: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower sensitivity to antibodies and higher replication efficiency compared to other lineages, which may contribute to its dominance and reduced vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for continued infection control measures post-vaccination.
Article
Cell Biology
Alison Tarke et al.
Summary: The study showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants do not significantly disrupt total T cell reactivity, although decreases in response frequency of 10%-22% were observed under certain assay/VOC combinations. This underscores the importance of actively monitoring T cell responses in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alison Tarke et al.
Summary: By studying T cell responses in 99 convalescent COVID-19 cases, we identified various HLA-restricted epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2 and observed distinct patterns of immunodominance. The epitopes were combined into megapools to facilitate the identification and quantification of virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Grifoni et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Birkir Reynisson et al.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandeep Kumar Dhanda et al.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Randi Vita et al.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2019)
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Immunology
Sinu Paul et al.