4.6 Article

Canine transmissible venereal tumour established in immunodeficient mice reprograms the gene expression profiles associated with a favourable tumour microenvironment to enable cancer malignancy

期刊

BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
卷 18, 期 1, 页码 -

出版社

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03093-4

关键词

Tumour biomarkers; Infectious cancer; Canine tumour model; Immunoediting; cDNA microarray

资金

  1. Council of Agriculture in Taiwan [110AS-10.1.7-AD-U1]
  2. National Taiwan University [110L893303]
  3. VGHUST Joint Research Program [111-G6-2-2]

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This study explores the effects of immune stress on tumour development using a new model of CTVTs called MCTVTs. Inoculation of CTVTs and MCTVTs into beagle dogs showed that MCTVTs grew faster and metastasized more frequently than CTVTs. Gene expression analysis revealed that MCTVTs expressed several tumour-promoting genes and overexpressed tumour-associated biomarkers. The study concludes that defective host immunity can result in gene instability and transcriptome reprogramming, facilitating tumour progression and providing potential biomarkers for cancer research.
Background Canine transmissible venereal tumours (CTVTs) can cross the major histocompatibility complex barrier to spread among dogs. In addition to the transmissibility within canids, CTVTs are also known as a suitable model for investigating the tumour-host immunity interaction because dogs live with humans and experience the same environmental risk factors for tumourigenesis. Moreover, outbred dogs are more appropriate than inbred mice models for simulating the diversity of human cancer development. This study built a new model of CTVTs, known as MCTVTs, to further probe the shaping effects of immune stress on tumour development. For xenotransplantation, CTVTs were first injected and developed in immunodeficient mice (NOD.CB17-Prkdc(scid)/NcrCrl), defined as XCTVTs. The XCTVTs harvested from NOD/SCID mice were then inoculated and grown in beagles and named mouse xenotransplantation of CTVTs (MCTVTs). Results After the inoculation of CTVTs and MCTVTs into immune-competent beagle dogs separately, MCTVTs grew faster and metastasized more frequently than CTVTs did. Gene expression profiles in CTVTs and MCTVTs were analysed by cDNA microarray to reveal that MCTVTs expressed many tumour-promoting genes involved in chronic inflammation, chemotaxis, extracellular space modification, NF-kappa B pathways, and focal adhesion. Furthermore, several well-known tumour-associated biomarkers which could predict tumour progression were overexpressed in MCTVTs. Conclusions This study demonstrated that defective host immunity can result in gene instability and enable transcriptome reprogramming within tumour cells. Fast tumour growth in beagle dogs and overexpression of tumour-associated biomarkers were found in a CTVT strain previously established in immunodeficient mice. In addition, dysregulated interaction of chronic inflammation, chemotaxis, and extracellular space modification were revealed to imply the possibly exacerbating mechanisms in the microenvironments of these tumours. In summary, this study offers a potential method to facilitate tumour progression and provide a niche for discovering tumour-associated biomarkers in cancer research.

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