Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)

Article Respiratory System

Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)

Hayley Holt et al.

Summary: The study found that Asian/Asian British ethnicity and a higher body mass index were associated with an increased odds of developing COVID-19, while atopic disease was associated with decreased odds.

THORAX (2022)

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Article Immunology

The Duration, Dynamics, and Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Responses in Individual Healthcare Workers

Sheila F. Lumley et al.

Summary: In this study, it was found that anti-nucleocapsid antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 decline within a few months, with higher titers associated with longer duration. On the other hand, anti-spike IgG remained stably detected. Factors such as age, ethnicity, and symptom presentation also had an impact on antibody levels.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Are all blood-based postal sampling kits the same? A comparative service evaluation of the performance of dried blood spot and mini tube sample collection systems for postal HIV and syphilis testing

Matthew Page et al.

Summary: This study compared two HIV and syphilis blood sampling kits (DBS and MT) and found that the successful processing rates were significantly higher for DBS compared to MT. Reasons for this difference included insufficient volumes, high false-positive rates, and degradation of blood quality in MT samples. Using DBS for postal screening of HIV, syphilis, and other blood-borne viruses could be a viable alternative.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in England following the first peak of the pandemic

Helen Ward et al.

Summary: The REACT-2 study in England found that by mid-July 2020, around 6% of adults had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with healthcare workers and individuals of Black or South Asian ethnicity disproportionately affected. Although different ethnicities had similar infection fatality ratios, higher hospitalization and mortality rates in minority ethnic groups may be due to higher rates of infection rather than differential disease experience or care.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Joseph E. Ebinger et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers in Los Angeles and found a seroprevalence rate of 4.1%. Anosmia was the most prominently associated symptom, followed by fever and myalgias. Factors such as Hispanic ethnicity, African-American race, and contact with COVID-19-diagnosed individuals were also associated with seropositivity.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death in 17 million adults in England: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Rohini Mathur et al.

Summary: The study found that some minority ethnic populations in England have higher risks of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and experiencing adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared to the White population, even after adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and household characteristics.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Age With SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response

He S. Yang et al.

Summary: The study found that there are distinct viral-specific antibody response profiles in different age groups with children showing higher levels of antibody response. Therefore, age-targeted strategies for disease screening, management, and vaccine development may be necessary.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Behaviors Associated with Prevalent SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Sidney Aung et al.

Summary: The study analyzed data from the Covid-19 Citizen Science (CCS) Study, finding various characteristics and behaviors associated with prevalent SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large, geographically diverse cohort of approximately 36,041 participants. The identified risk factors included being a healthcare worker, living with at least one school-aged child, having pets at home, and having immunodeficiency, among others.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Antibody status and cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults in three regions of France following the first lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study

Fabrice Carrat et al.

Summary: During May-June 2020, the seropositivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the French adult population was around 10%, varying across different regions. Younger age, having children or adolescents in the household, and being a non-smoker were associated with higher seropositivity rates.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers from Northern Italy based on antibody status: immune protection from secondary infection- A retrospective observational case-controlled study

Francesca Rovida et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 and anti-S2 IgG antibody positivity induced by natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that immunity from natural infection can reduce the risk of secondary infection and alleviate symptoms.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

COVID-19: Seroprevalence and Vaccine Responses in UK Dental Care Professionals

A. M. Shields et al.

Summary: Dental care professionals are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but serological response can provide protection. Natural infection leads to a sustained serological response, and vaccination results in a quicker and stronger antibody response.

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Validation of a combined ELISA to detect IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild or moderate non-hospitalised patients

A. M. Cook et al.

Summary: An ELISA assay targeting SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein for the detection of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity in non-hospitalised adults with mild or moderate disease. The assay was stable, free from cross-reactivity, and the use of dried blood spots made it accessible to a wider community.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Determinants and Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Diverse Population: 6-Month Evaluation of a Prospective Cohort Study

Daniel B. Horton et al.

Summary: This study found that healthcare workers were more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms such as dyspnea and neurologic changes could persist for months. The intensity and trajectory of IgG production differed among individuals with different severity of symptoms.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Virology

Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and Its Relevance

Belete A. Desimmie et al.

Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose global threats to public health and economies. The challenges lie in effectively identifying and isolating asymptomatic and mild cases, as well as understanding viral persistence, reinfection, and post-acute complications of the virus. Research efforts are crucial for combating the pandemic and improving care and rehabilitation for survivors.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the urban population of Qatar: An analysis of antibody testing on a sample of 112,941 individuals

Peter Coyle et al.

Summary: The study found that less than two in every 10 individuals in Qatar's urban population had detectable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, indicating that herd immunity is still far off and there is a risk of subsequent infection waves. Higher antibody titers may serve as a biomarker of repeated exposures to the infection.

ISCIENCE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in over 6000 healthcare workers in Spain

Jose F. Varona et al.

Summary: A study conducted in Spain found that the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers was slightly higher than in the general population and varied depending on regional COVID-19 incidence. High and moderate exposure risks were associated with positive IgG-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and older age and more severe disease were associated with higher antibody titres.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences