Laccase: Various types and applications

Laccase belongs to the polyphenol oxidase family and is very important in removing environmental pollutants due to its structural and functional properties. Recently, the ability of laccase to oxidize phenolic and nonphenolic substances has been considered by many researchers. This enzyme's application scope includes a broad range of chemical processes and industrial usages, such as bioremediation, nanobiotechnology, woodworking industries, bleaching of paper pulp, dyeing in the textile industry, biotechnological uses in food industries, biorefining, detoxification from wastewater, production of organic matter from phenolic and amine substrates, and biofuels. Although filamentous fungi produce large amounts of laccase, high-yield industrial-scale production of laccase is still faced with many problems. At present, researchers are trying to increase the efficiency and productivity and reduce the final price of laccase by finding suitable microorganisms and improving the process of production and purification of laccase. This article reviews the introduction of laccase, its properties, production processes, and the effect of various factors on the enzyme's stability and activity, and some of its applications in various industries.

Automated summary

Laccase, a member of the polyphenol oxidase family, plays a crucial role in environmental pollutant removal. Its ability to oxidize both phenolic and nonphenolic substances makes it a versatile enzyme with various industrial applications. However, the industrial-scale production of laccase still faces challenges, and researchers are exploring methods to improve efficiency, productivity, and reduce costs. This article provides an overview of laccase, including its properties, production processes, factors affecting stability and activity, and its applications in different industries.