Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of hydrogen peroxide modified ball milled biochar for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions

In this work, hickory chip biochars developed at distinctive pyrolysis temperatures were ball milled (BMHC) and then post-modified with a 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution to obtain a set of novel sorbents (BMHCH2O2). The specific surface area (SSA) was dramatically increased after ball-milling while the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the biochars were further increased through H2O2 modification. Additionally, thermal stability of the biochar treated with ball-milling was not greatly reduced by H2O2 modification and hydrodynamic radius was decreased. Ball milling enhanced the adsorption efficiency to methylene blue (MB) by the biochar, and this ability was further increased by H2O2 modification, because of the increasing in oxygencontaining functional groups (OCFG) to interact with MB. The rate of MB adsorption to BMHC-H2O2 was faster than that of BMHC, reaching equilibrium after about 6 h. Among adsorbents tested, the 450 degrees C BMHCH2O2 had the greatest MB adsorption capacity (310 mg g-1).

Automated summary

Ball milling and H2O2 modification significantly increased the specific surface area of biochar and enhanced its adsorption efficiency towards methylene blue. The modified biochar had more oxygen-containing functional groups, leading to a faster adsorption rate for methylene blue.