Algal biomass valorisation to high-value chemicals and bioproducts: Recent advances, opportunities and challenges

Algae are considered promising biomass resources for biofuel production. However, some arguments doubt the economical and energetical feasibility of algal cultivation, harvesting, and conversion processes. Beyond biofuel, value-added bioproducts can be generated via algae conversion, which would enhance the economic feasibility of algal biorefineries. This review primarily focuses on valuable chemical and bioproduct production from algae. The methods for effective recovery of valuable algae components, and their applications are summarized. The potential routes for the conversion of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins to valuable chemicals and bioproducts are assessed from recent studies. In addition, this review proposes the following challenges for future algal biorefineries: (1) utilization of naturally grown algae instead of cultivated algae; (2) fractionation of algae to individual components towards high-selectivity products; (3) avoidance of humin formation from algal carbohydrate conversion; (4) development of strategies for algal protein utilisation; and (5) development of efficient processes for commercialization and industrialization.

Automated summary

Algae are considered promising biomass resources for biofuel production, but the economic and energetical feasibility of algal cultivation, harvesting, and conversion processes are being questioned. Value-added bioproducts can be generated through algae conversion to enhance the economic viability of algal biorefineries. Various challenges are proposed for future algal biorefineries, such as utilizing naturally grown algae, fractionating algae for high-selectivity products, and developing efficient processes for commercialization and industrialization.