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Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Allison Marziliano et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the typical and atypical presentations of COVID-19 in older adults. The most common atypical presentation in older adults was functional decline or altered mental status. Atypical presentation was associated with factors such as age, gender, race, and comorbidity index. There were no significant differences in hospital outcomes between older adults with typical and atypical presentations.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ryan J. Sullivan et al.
Summary: The Review by Weber and Sullivan highlights the different types of immune-related adverse events associated with checkpoint inhibitors and discusses how their treatment and identification of possible predictive biomarkers may shed light on their mechanisms, as well as possible strategies and targets for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to mitigate them.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James H. Schofield et al.
Summary: The relationship between mitophagy and ROS production is complex and not fully understood. This review discusses mtROS generation and their detrimental effects on cellular viability, along with the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Furthermore, the prominent mechanisms governing mitophagy induction that bear on oxidative stress are explored.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhongjie Fu et al.
Summary: Photoreceptors have high energy demands and primarily metabolize fatty acids through oxidative phosphorylation, rather than glucose. Modulation of lipid metabolism can help restore photoreceptor function.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yashi Mi et al.
Summary: The paper summarizes the importance, recent advances, critical issues, and future directions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics. The authors emphasize that emerging non-energetic aspects of mitochondria targeting strategies may have the potential to modify AD risk and progression.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sarah Waliany et al.
Summary: ICIs alter the immune system's response to cancerous tissues but can lead to varying degrees of autoimmunity, with cardiovascular complications such as myocarditis emerging as significant side effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these toxicities may help improve patient outcomes by reducing treatment-related morbidity.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 61, 2021
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robert D. S. Pitceathly et al.
Summary: Primary mitochondrial diseases are common and severe inherited metabolic disorders, lacking effective disease-modifying therapies. Clinical trial failures are partly due to compound inefficacy and challenges faced by clinicians and researchers in trial design. Advances in therapy development show promise, with many drugs transitioning to clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases.
JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinit C. Shanbhag et al.
Summary: Over the past 25 years, significant progress has been made in identifying and characterizing proteins that regulate the uptake, intracellular trafficking and export of copper. While copper is essential for growth and development in humans and other mammals, it is also a limiting nutrient for cancer cell growth and proliferation. Oral copper chelators have been shown to have anti-neoplastic and anti-metastatic effects in animals and humans.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaoming Hu et al.
Summary: The body's ability to sense and respond to changes in nutrient levels, particularly amino acids, is crucial for survival. Amino acids play dual roles as building blocks for proteins and peptides, as well as important bioactive molecules involved in signaling pathways and metabolic regulation. Imbalance in amino acid sensing signals may be linked to metabolic disorders, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dimitris Tsoukalas et al.
Summary: The significance of analyzing the organism through a metabolic perspective to uncover the dynamic interconnections in biological systems has been highlighted by COVID-19. Micronutrient status and metabolic health play key roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis and the immune response. Metabolic disruption, driven by modifiable factors, is proposed as a significant risk factor for infection susceptibility, disease severity, and post-COVID complications.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marni J. Falk
Summary: Mitochondria show high conservation across species, leading to insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms of primary mitochondrial diseases. By using therapeutic cross-training in various species, potential therapies can be identified for different subtypes of mitochondrial disease. The goal is to develop potent and safe therapies for human mitochondrial disease by prioritizing lead compounds and specific disease phenotypes.
JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Antonis S. Manolis et al.
Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in providing energy for cells and have various functions beyond energy production. Dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to cardiomyopathies and other cardiovascular diseases, often caused by mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, as well as aging, disease, and environmental stresses. Developing targeted therapeutic strategies for mitochondria remains a challenge due to variable responses based on the underlying causes of dysfunction.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Hang Zhu et al.
Summary: Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. Mitochondria have a quality control system that maintains and restores their structure and function. When damaged mitochondria cannot be repaired, poorly structured mitochondria will be degraded through mitophagy.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jatin Machhi et al.
Summary: This article summarizes the treatment and vaccine development during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the role played by nanocarrier delivery.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Saborni Chakraborty et al.
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of investigational vaccines, with collaborative efforts leading to several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates moving into Phase III trials in a short period of time. Current research focuses on vaccine platforms and targeted antigens to enhance the breadth and durability of vaccine responses against SARS-CoV-2.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Saima Ajaz et al.
Summary: Patients with COVID-19 show compromised mitochondrial function, metabolic alterations, increased inflammation, and severity of symptoms. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic pathways may help define novel treatment strategies for COVID-19.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jorge Escobedo-de la Pena et al.
Summary: The study investigated the main clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in a major social security institution in Mexico, finding that major cardiovascular risk factors and other comorbidities increased the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19. Factors such as age, sex, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with an increased case fatality rate.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica F. Hebert et al.
Summary: Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus can lead to poor maternal and fetal outcomes due to impacts on placental function, particularly when there are changes in the maternal metabolic environment. Gender may influence the placental response. Preventing placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may improve pregnancy outcomes.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea del Campo et al.
Summary: Heart failure is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. HFpEF predominantly affects the elderly population with overlapping comorbidities, making diagnosis challenging. Despite extensive research, there is still no evidence-based therapy for HFpEF.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Keywan Mortezaee
Summary: Tumor cells need to acquire characteristics more potent than normal cells in order to survive and grow in the host environment. This includes having stronger redox tolerance and adaptive metabolic processes. Without these characteristics, tumors are prone to disruption.
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariana Fernandez-Caggiano et al.
Summary: The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial role in determining the fate of pyruvate in cells, with decreased expression contributing to lactate accumulation in the cytosol. Reduced MPC abundance has also been observed in failing hearts, suggesting a potential causal role in heart failure progression.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan R. Brestoff et al.
Summary: Recent studies have shown that mitochondria can be transferred between cells to support metabolically compromised cells. In white adipose tissue (WAT), macrophages acquire mitochondria from neighboring adipocytes, defining a transcriptionally distinct subpopulation. This process is regulated by heparan sulfates (HS) and is impaired in obesity, leading to metabolic dysregulation.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Vyara Matson et al.
Summary: The commensal microbiota plays a role in regulating various physiological processes, including affecting cancer immunotherapy either positively or negatively. Studies have shown that different microbes may have distinct impacts on immunotherapy efficacy, leading to clinical trials and microbiome-based therapeutic interventions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giandomenico Bisaccia et al.
Summary: The myocardium burns a significant amount of ATP within the mitochondria, crucial for its functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to a wide range of heart diseases and can contribute to the development of heart failure. Targeting mitochondrial function may be a potential treatment strategy for heart failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vanina Romanello
Summary: Sarcopenia is a chronic disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, force, and function during aging. The decline in mitochondrial quality control pathways is a major mechanism driving aging sarcopenia, with mitochondrial dysfunction influencing whole-body homeostasis. This dysfunction releases specific myomitokines that impact healthy or unhealthy aging.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ward Fickweiler et al.
Summary: This study found that decreased vessel density in the retina was associated with cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes patients. Thinning of the retinal outer nuclear layer was linked to worse psychomotor speed, and outer plexiform layer thickness was associated with delayed memory. These findings suggest that noninvasive retinal imaging using OCT and OCTA may help estimate the risks for cognitive dysfunction in people with type 1 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Apostolia-Maria Tsimberidou et al.
Summary: Lessons learned from the study show that advanced germ cell tumors have poor prognosis, and pembrolizumab, while well tolerated, has limited antitumor activity in these patients. Resistance to immunotherapy in germ cell tumors may be partially attributed to tumor biology and other poor-risk features. Therefore, tumor profiling and innovative clinical trials to identify effective combination regimens are warranted for advanced germ cell tumors.
Review
Virology
Eman Humaid Alketbi et al.
Summary: Viruses use host lipid metabolism for their replication, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for treating Covid-19 by interfering with lipid metabolism. By inhibiting or supplementing lipids, the infection and severity of the virus may be significantly limited.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel R. Crooks et al.
Summary: Understanding the mechanism of Warburg shift to aerobic glycolysis is essential for defining the metabolic basis of cancer. HLRCC, an aggressive cancer, is characterized by impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain, loss of expression of mtDNA-encoded subunits, and accumulation of fumarate, leading to the promotion of aerobic glycolysis and disease progression. Accumulation of fumarate in HLRCC tumors disrupts mtDNA replication and proofreading, causing loss of respiratory chain components.
Article
Cell Biology
Bianca Oresta et al.
Summary: The study revealed the mechanism by which Mitomycin C promotes immunogenic cell death, relying on metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells towards increased oxidative phosphorylation. This finding offers opportunities to optimize bladder cancer management and provides potential markers of treatment efficacy.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dexter Kai Hao Thng et al.
Summary: Deregulation of MYC is a common oncogenic driver in cancer, and developing targeted therapies against MYC is a critical unmet need in cancer treatment. Synthetic lethality shows promise in targeting MYC-dependent vulnerabilities, but translating it to the clinic remains challenging.
TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem
Summary: The term lipidome refers to the total amount of lipids in biological cells. Lipids play a crucial role in gastrointestinal fat absorption and COVID-19 infection, with specific lipid changes occurring during the viral replication cycle. The virus interacts with lipoproteins and apolipoprotein E to change its infectivity, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in both gut health and viral infections.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Jerome E. Tanner et al.
Summary: Enteric symptomology in early stages of SARS-2003 and COVID-19 indicates virus replication in the intestine, liver, and pancreas. Aberrant lipid metabolism in morbidly obese individuals worsens the immune response to COVID-19. Targeting lipid metabolism could inhibit virus replication and improve patient response to the disease.
Article
Ophthalmology
Andrea L. Blitzer et al.
Summary: This study demonstrated that metformin use is associated with reduced odds of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest benefit seen at low to moderate doses. This suggests that metformin may be a useful preventive therapy for AMD, especially when used at appropriate doses.
JAMA OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shen Li et al.
Summary: The authors successfully reproduced the systemic toxicity and multiorgan involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model through viral delivery, revealing that metabolic and epigenetic changes could contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Juanita Mellet et al.
Summary: Efforts are being made globally to develop a vaccine for COVID-19, with over 200 vaccines in development and over 60 candidate vaccines in clinical trials. The acceleration of vaccine development is aimed at combating the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing various platforms and approaches to increase the likelihood of finding an effective vaccine.
Article
Oncology
Dominic G. Roy et al.
Summary: Advances in immunotherapy have highlighted the importance of antitumor immune responses in controlling cancer, but the tumor microenvironment poses obstacles to immune cell function through metabolic and immunosuppressive mechanisms. Studies have shown the characteristic metabolic reprogramming of different immune cell subsets, the shaping of immune cell metabolism and function by TME, and the potential of therapeutic interventions to enhance antitumor immunity by improving immune cell metabolic fitness and alleviating metabolic constraints in the TME.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY, VOL 5, 2021
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Julianne D. Twomey et al.
Summary: ICIs, targeting PD-1 or PD-L1, have become a new standard-of-care for many cancer indications, approved by the FDA. This review focuses on their clinical indications, companion diagnostics, and strategies for identifying predictive biomarkers for guiding their clinical use.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingjing Jia et al.
Summary: Stroke is a major cause of disability and death in adults worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke, and preserving mitochondrial function is essential for neuronal survival and function maintenance. Damaged mitochondria can trigger neuronal apoptosis, emphasizing the importance of mitochondrial quality control processes in preventing cell death.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John J. Lemasters
Summary: In post-mitotic cells, mitochondrial ATP/ADP exchange occurs via adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), while cancer cells predominantly utilize non-electrogenic ATP-Mg/phosphate carrier for the exchange, leading to decreased cytosolic ATP/ADP levels. These alterations promote aerobic glycolysis and confer specific growth advantages to cancer cells.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Zhe Li et al.
Summary: Aging is a physiological process regulated by multiple biological and genetic pathways, directly impacting lifespan and driving all age-related diseases. Despite the increase in human life expectancy, the corresponding improvement in "healthspan" has not been seen. Research on aging biology primarily focuses on understanding the biochemical and genetic pathways that lead to aging over time.
Review
Oncology
Weiqin Lu et al.
Summary: FGF21 is a novel metabolic regulator that acts as a stress sensor in tissues like the liver, promoting metabolic homeostasis through pathways that encourage lipid catabolism. Its signal pathway targets white and brown adipose tissues, playing a key role in preventing the development of diseases like fatty pancreas and steato-hepatitis.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Hamacher-Brady
Summary: Mitochondria provide cellular energy and play vital roles in cellular homeostasis and stress responses. Malfunction of mitochondria can lead to health issues, but there are various quality control mechanisms in place to support normal mitochondrial function.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Priya Umapathi et al.
Summary: Excessive O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiomyopathy, at least in part, due to defective energetics. Enhanced OGA activity is well tolerated, and attenuation of O-GlcNAcylation is beneficial against pressure overload-induced pathologic remodeling and heart failure.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xi Cao et al.
Summary: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in metabolic organs, with the ACE and ACE2 pathways having significant effects on energy balance and glycolipid metabolism. Activation of the ACE2 pathway opposes the ACE pathway and has beneficial effects, especially in thermoregulation and energy expenditure.
Review
Oncology
Junting Ma et al.
Summary: Alterations in the composition of intestinal microbiota are associated with susceptibility to various pathological conditions, including cancer. Studies have shown that gut microbiota can impact the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer, and further research is needed to identify specific gut microbiota that could act as novel adjuvant drugs to enhance anti-tumor therapy effectiveness in humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryuhjin Ahn et al.
Summary: Oncogenic kinases play a crucial role in regulating tumor immunogenicity, immune suppression, and anti-tumor immunity. Kinase inhibitors are widely used in cancer treatment, but they often lead to resistance. Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment, but face significant challenges when integrating into the treatment of other solid tumors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Lena Pernas
Summary: The study discusses the resistance of host cell metabolism against pathogens and highlights how rewiring metabolic processes can enhance cellular defenses and hinder microbial growth.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Hamid Aria et al.
Summary: The term immunometabolism refers to intracellular metabolic changes within immune cells, influencing immune responses and being a key feature in immune cell activation and cancer cell progression. Due to its significance in immunotherapy, studying the immunometabolic situation of cells and understanding cancer cell metabolism can lead to innovative cancer treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Longzheng Xia et al.
Summary: The overlapping metabolic reprogramming between cancer and immune cells is an important factor affecting the antitumor immune response, involving metabolic competition, nutrient limitation, and impaired immune cell function. Studies have shown that metabolic reprogramming is essential for maintaining immune cell homeostasis and executing effector functions during immune responses.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Rory J. Tinker et al.
Summary: Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) is a group of complex genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. Current treatment options are mostly supportive and preventive, with new pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies undergoing clinical trials. Emerging therapies include novel pharmacological treatment, dietary supplementation, exercise training, device use, mitochondrial donation, tissue replacement gene therapy, hypoxic therapy, and mitochondrial base editing.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Prasenjit Dey et al.
Summary: Cancer cell metabolic reprogramming is driven by signals from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic signaling maintains the baseline metabolic state, while extrinsic signals fine-tune metabolic processes based on metabolite availability and cellular requirements. Therefore, successful targeting of metabolic pathways will require a nuanced approach based on cancer genotype, tumor microenvironment composition, and tissue location.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gitishree Das et al.
Summary: This review highlights the important role of Korean traditional foods in supporting the immune system, particularly through the modulation of gut microbiota to enhance respiratory immunity. Certain fermented foods in Korean cuisine show great potential in improving gut-lung immunity, emphasizing the importance of a healthy diet in strengthening the body's defense mechanisms.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Elizabeth A. Thompson et al.
Summary: The study identifies a unique population of T cells expressing increased VDAC1 in severe and recovered COVID-19 patients, associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Additionally, specific metabolic phenotypes of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in COVID-19 patients can distinguish between severe and mild disease. These findings offer insight into dysfunctional immune response in COVID-19 patients and potential for developing personalized therapeutic approaches.
Review
Oncology
Ronan Talty et al.
Summary: Both cancer cells and immune cells rely on specific metabolic programs for survival and function, with immune cells having the capability to either enhance or suppress the antitumor immune response based on metabolic changes. The shared microenvironment within tumors affects the metabolism of immune cells and can impact the efficacy of immunotherapies, highlighting the importance of understanding the interplay between metabolism, immune response, and cancer progression.
Review
Cell Biology
Myeong Uk Kuk et al.
Summary: Lysosomal storage disease (LSD) is a genetic metabolic disorder with no effective treatment to restore normal levels. The crosstalk between lysosomes and mitochondria is crucial for cellular homeostasis, and the deficiency of lysosome enzymes in LSD leads to deterioration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Review
Cell Biology
Anna Picca et al.
Summary: Mitochondria play a central role in cellular processes and maintaining organelle homeostasis is crucial for efficient mitochondrial function. Mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, such as dynamics, biogenesis, proteostasis, and autophagy, safeguard organelle integrity and function. The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis plays a key role in regulating mtDNA release, cell fate, and inflammation. Interferon production during mtDNA-mediated inflammation may be utilized for the elimination of dying cells and promoting anti-tumor immunity.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrycja Pawlik et al.
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases result in progressive neuronal degeneration, emphasizing the need for early screening and diagnosis. Biomarkers show promise for early detection, with saliva being explored as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool. Research on salivary biomarkers for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases continues, aiming to identify correlations between specific biomarkers and early clinical symptoms for improved treatment strategies.
Article
Oncology
Daniel R. Schmidt et al.
Summary: Cancer has complex effects on cellular and systemic metabolism, with metabolomics playing a crucial role in providing insights for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Advances in technology have expanded the applications of metabolomics in clinical research, with the potential to further enhance cancer patient management in the future.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Virginia S. Hahn et al.
Summary: The growing use of targeted therapies in oncology has led to significant improvements in survival rates, but also presents challenges in managing toxicities associated with long-term treatment. Overlapping signaling pathways may result in systemic toxicities, with cardiovascular toxicities being of particular concern.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mina K. Chung et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has potential consequences on the cardiovascular health of millions of survivors worldwide. The virus can infect the heart, vascular tissues, and circulating cells through ACE2, leading to acute cardiac injury. This update reviews clinical manifestations, impact mechanisms, and management implications for patients after recovering from acute COVID-19 infection.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Nina C. Flerin et al.
Summary: The effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy is influenced by the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that targeting cancer or T cell metabolism may be crucial for improving treatment outcomes.
CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pankaj Prasun
Summary: COVID-19 is the worst public health crisis of the century, with mitochondria playing an important role in its pathogenesis and affecting the prognosis of patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes.
DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark A. Keibler et al.
Summary: The study found that the metabolic changes induced by the oncogenic gene KRAS expression in human mammary epithelial cells are similar to those corresponding to proliferation driven by epidermal growth factor (EGF), but in media without added EGF, KRAS-expressing cells showed lower glucose and glutamine consumption, which correlated with reduced sensitivity to specific drug treatments.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaomei Wang et al.
Summary: Marine organisms have unique chemicals that have potential antiaging properties. Various components like carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, flavonoids, fatty acids, and phenols from marine organisms have been shown to have antiaging effects in experimental models involving rats, fruit flies, and nematodes. There is potential for these natural ingredients from marine organisms to be used in nutraceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics as alternatives to synthetic ingredients for consumer wellbeing.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Atil Bisgin et al.
Summary: Developing effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19 remains a challenge due to limitations of traditional vaccines and the need for appropriate immune responses.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Doblado et al.
Summary: Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria. Both defective and excessive mitophagy have been associated with various chronic diseases, suggesting that restoring mitophagy homeostasis could be a potential therapeutic approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanhan Liu et al.
Summary: Glaucoma is characterized by progressive damage to RGCs and optic nerve, with risk factors including age, ocular perfusion pressure, and intraocular pressure. RGCs are highly metabolically active and vulnerable to energy insufficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Frohlich et al.
Summary: Adipose tissue plays a crucial role as an endocrine and paracrine organ in the human body, impacting the study of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases, and neurometabolic disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Metabotrophic factors (MTFs) derived from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are implicated in the pathogenesis and therapy of these diseases. Understanding the MTF network could potentially improve the quality of human life by bridging cardiometabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Marilen Federico et al.
Summary: Metabolic diseases are a series of pathologies characterized by abnormal body glucose usage, including metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. These chronic diseases cause metabolic disturbances and are classified as multi-organ diseases. Mitochondria play a key role in the heart dysfunction caused by metabolic diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Esther Kim et al.
Summary: The gut microbiome and gut cytokines have shown potential as biomarkers for carcinogenesis and predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, playing a significant role in the effectiveness of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade. Understanding the interplay between microbiome, microbiome-generated cytokines, and immune checkpoints may lead to new insights in immunotherapy.
Article
Pediatrics
Erika Molteni et al.
Summary: Most school-aged children in the UK with SARS-CoV-2 infection are asymptomatic or experience mild illness, with longer duration and higher symptom burden observed in older children. Persistence of illness is more common in older children, but symptom burden does not increase over time and most recover within 56 days. Children who test negative for SARS-CoV-2 may also experience prolonged illness with higher symptom burden.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Denicar Lina Nascimento Fabris Maeda et al.
Summary: The study introduced a synthetic biology-based vaccine platform utilizing genome-reduced bacteria to express vaccine antigens on the cell surface, showing effectiveness in providing protection against PEDV and SARS-CoV-2 in a pig model. The vaccines induced potent immune responses and reduced viral loads in tissue, highlighting the potential for a broadly protective vaccine and the utility of the bacterial surface-expressed vaccine platform for other pathogens.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Nikolaos Spyrou et al.
Summary: Immunotherapy has shown great promise in cancer treatment, but only a small percentage of patients exhibit lasting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Factors such as obesity, host microbiome, and nutrition may play a role in influencing patients' response to immunotherapy, with emerging evidence suggesting that obese patients may actually benefit more from ICI therapy compared to those with a normal BMI. Further research is needed to explore how these factors can be leveraged to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy and potentially offer new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jyung Mean Son et al.
Summary: Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles with diverse functions, deeply intertwined with various cellular processes. They are dynamic and adapt to cellular context, playing crucial roles in cellular regulation and age-related diseases.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Micol Falabella et al.
Summary: Lipid homeostasis plays a central role in cellular metabolism, particularly in the CNS where lipids modulate key functions. Abnormal lipid profiles in neurological diseases underscore the significance of lipid metabolism, with cardiolipin emerging as a focus in neurodegenerative disease research. Cardiolipin's role in neurogenesis and neuronal dysfunction, along with its potential as a biomarker and pharmacological target, highlights its importance in neurological diseases.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Farouc A. Jaffer et al.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yasunori Watanabe et al.
Summary: Vaccine development targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus focuses on the S glycoprotein as the principal target of the neutralizing immune response. Adenovirus-vectored vaccines have shown effective processing and assembly of viral antigens, mimicking the observed SARS-CoV-2 virus, making them a promising platform for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ezequiel Monferrer et al.
Summary: A comprehensive view of cell metabolism provides new insights into cancer, which is now considered a heterogeneous ecosystem formed by tumor cells and the microenvironment that can be molecularly, phenotypically, and metabolically reprogrammable. Metabolic reprogramming activity is confirmed as the minimum common denominator of cancer, affecting various metabolic pathways involved in cell physiology. Understanding metabolic reprogramming pathways can lead to new therapeutic interventions from a metabolic perspective.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Junbin Yan et al.
Summary: FGF21, as a crucial factor, plays a significant role in regulating metabolism and cellular aging, making it important for addressing aging-associated metabolic diseases. FGF21 affects cellular function by activating autophagy genes, improving inflammation, and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Efthalia Angelopoulou et al.
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathogenesis and no disease-modifying therapy currently available. The interplay between genetic factors and environmental exposures, particularly the APOE gene alleles, may influence the risk of developing AD. Various lifestyle habits and environmental factors, such as physical exercise, dietary habits, and exposure to certain substances, have been shown to potentially interact with APOE alleles in affecting AD risk.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arjun Sharma et al.
Summary: Sepsis, caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response. MAVS, an important adaptor protein, plays a crucial role in host immune defense. Pathogens, particularly viruses, have developed immune evasion strategies targeting the MAVS pathway in the evolutionary arms race with the host.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Qin Tan et al.
Summary: Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of cells, play essential roles in various cellular functions and are associated with human malignancies. Cancer development involves abnormalities in cellular programs, and mitochondria are recognized as key metabolic switches for normal cells to acquire malignant characteristics.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samik Chakraborty et al.
Summary: Tumors can reprogram pathways to withstand the altered requirements of cancer cells, with VHL gene inactivation and Ras-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway activation being key factors in metabolic reprogramming in renal cell carcinoma. Understanding these modifications offers opportunities for new therapeutic targets, biomarker discovery, and effective tumor detection methods.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Aleksei G. Golubev
Summary: In current literature, definitions of aging vary from molecular to evolutionary levels, with some considering it a treatable disease and others viewing it as a mental construct. The importance of defining aging lies in determining whether it should be targeted for interventions aimed at increasing human lifespan and healthspan.
Editorial Material
Biology
Timothy J. f Mitchison
Summary: NK cells play a role in cancer immunosurveillance and therapy, with live cell imaging revealing diverse programmed cell death pathways induced in targeted cancer cells. The state of the target cell actin cytoskeleton influences pathway choice, with a novel death pathway called granzyme-induced necroptosis potentially important in cancer immunotherapy.
Article
Oncology
Joel D. Pearson et al.
Summary: The study identifies two binary cancer classes based on the activity of YAP, providing insights into the impact of cancer heterogeneity on therapeutic response. YAP silencing is intrinsic to the cell of origin and may be acquired with lineage switching and drug resistance.
Article
Oncology
Gaigai Wei et al.
Summary: Immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment are crucial for modulating anti-tumor immunity, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer therapy. However, current immunotherapies face challenges such as unresponsiveness and limited efficacy, highlighting the importance of exploring new mechanisms and targets for cancer treatment.
Article
Oncology
Dominique C. Hinshaw et al.
Summary: The oncogenic Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a novel role in programming signature metabolic circuitries that regulate the alternative polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Inhibiting Hh signaling induces significant metabolic alterations in macrophages and shifts their metabolism from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, promoting immune-suppressive polarization.
Article
Oncology
Nicole M. Anderson et al.
Summary: High expression of DLST predicts poor treatment outcome and aggressive disease in neuroblastoma patients. DLST depletion suppresses NADH production and impairs oxidative phosphorylation, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. Inhibitors targeting the electron transport chain, such as IACS-010759, efficiently reduce neuroblastoma proliferation and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for this deadly disease.
Review
Oncology
Francisco Zambrana et al.
Summary: The use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in mRCC has led to better survival outcomes and higher rates of complete responses, but also presents challenges in defining durable responses, optimal treatment duration, and the value of complete responses. Questions remain regarding whether complete responses can be considered as a cure and if immunotherapy discontinuation should be considered after achieving a complete response.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannah C. Wastyk et al.
Summary: This study investigated the effects of plant-based fiber and fermented foods on the human microbiome and immune system, finding that a high-fiber diet increased glycan-degrading carbohydrate active enzymes while a high-fermented-food diet increased microbiome diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data suggest that coupling dietary interventions with immune and microbiome profiling can provide personalized and populationwide insights, with fermented foods potentially valuable in countering decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation in industrialized societies.
Review
Microbiology
Kanta Subbarao
Summary: The development of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is facing challenges in preventing asymptomatic and mild infections, potential updates required due to the emergence of variants with mutations, and concerns about the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity. Coordination in global surveillance, updating vaccines, and potential re-vaccination may be necessary to address these challenges.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Gilles Bonvento et al.
Summary: The brain has minimal energy reserves and relies on precise coordination between neurotransmission and energy metabolism. Different types of neural cells display unique metabolic signatures, necessitating intercellular exchange of metabolites to sustain brain function. Disruption of this metabolic cooperation may lead to neurological diseases, highlighting the importance of innovative therapies to preserve brain energetics.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Laura Poillet-Perez et al.
Summary: The article discusses how cancer cells utilize mitochondria-derived vesicles as a new adaptive mechanism to maintain mitochondrial function amid autophagy loss.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Christina G. Towers et al.
Summary: This study investigated alternative forms of mitochondrial quality control beyond mitophagy to compensate for inactive autophagy. Rare surviving autophagy-deficient clones were found to adapt to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through regulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial-derived vesicles. The research indicates unique dependencies of autophagy-dependent cells on these mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial health.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Chahat Mehra et al.
Summary: Recent research has shown that migrating cells expel dysfunctional mitochondria in membrane-bound structures called migrasomes to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Marlies P. Rossmann et al.
Summary: Mitochondria are vital organelles in almost all eukaryotic cells, performing essential functions beyond energy production. They communicate with the nucleus and other organelles to help maintain cellular homeostasis, allowing cellular adaptation to stresses and guiding cell fate decisions. Mitochondria play a central role in research on normal and pathological processes, impacting various organ systems through mitochondrial diseases caused by defects in mitochondrial or nuclear genes.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Xu et al.
Summary: Mitochondria, in addition to powering cells, also serve as intercellular signaling. They play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and are emerging as a key regulator in its development. Mitochondrial transplantation challenges traditional methods and shows promise as a novel treatment paradigm for patients with acute cardiovascular accidents.
DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Tapas C. Nag
Summary: This review summarizes age-related changes in photoreceptor cells, particularly cones, and analyzes potential factors such as oxidative and nitrosative stress. Findings include lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial aberrations in aging photoreceptor cells. The redistribution of specific proteins and anomalies in cones can predict increased vulnerability with aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Bartekova et al.
Summary: This review discusses the impact of CMDs on cardiac redox homeostasis, the role of OxS in cardiac pathologies, and the potential therapeutic effects of natural and synthetic antioxidants in CMDs. Despite numerous preclinical and clinical studies, no antioxidant therapy for the prevention and treatment of CMDs has been successfully translated, highlighting a significant translational gap in this field.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pravas Kumar Baral et al.
Summary: Researchers worldwide are working on developing prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to combat the COVID-19 crisis, with a focus on antibody-based therapies targeting the viral spike protein, particularly monoclonal antibodies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natthaphat Siri-Angkul et al.
Summary: Heart failure remains a major issue globally, with efforts by clinicians and scientists to find effective treatments and cures not yet yielding major breakthroughs. The heart is not simply a pump, and treating heart failure requires consideration of its pathophysiological complexity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Ignatieva et al.
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered the main cause of skeletal muscle wasting in various conditions, and genetically determined neuromuscular disorders often present with cardiac phenotypes. The specific roles of mitochondria in skeletal muscle under muscle-wasting conditions in cardiomyopathies have not been extensively studied.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer Abbasi
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan R. Whitfield et al.
Summary: The oncogene Myc, deregulated in the majority of human tumors, has been a challenging target for drug development due to its disordered nature and lack of binding pocket. Recent breakthroughs have led to the development of Myc inhibitors, with a direct inhibitor currently in clinical trials, marking a significant milestone in the effort to target this previously undrugged gene.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhili Guo et al.
Summary: This study presents a chemical approach to analyze fatty acid uptake in single cells, which involved using azide-modified analogues and surface-immobilized dendrimers with DBCO groups. By integrating this method into a microfluidics-based multiplex protein analysis platform, the researchers were able to explore the relationships between fatty acid influx, oncogenic signaling activities, and cell proliferation. The study revealed differential correlations between p70S6K and 4EBP1 with fatty acid uptake, and demonstrated synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation through co-targeting p70S6K and fatty acid metabolism. This work provided new insights into cancer biology by studying fatty acid metabolism in the context of protein signaling at single-cell resolution.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yi Shiau Ng et al.
Summary: In the past five years, significant progress has been made in understanding, diagnosing, and treating mitochondrial diseases. National cohorts and international collaborations have expanded knowledge of the clinical phenotypes and natural history, high-throughput sequencing has altered diagnostic approaches, and efforts are ongoing to find better treatments including drug repurposing and gene therapies. Reproductive technologies also offer opportunities to prevent DNA-related mitochondrial disease transmission.
Article
Oncology
Thomas Powles et al.
Summary: The study examined the outcomes of using pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma, and found that the addition of pembrolizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy did not significantly improve efficacy. Safety was assessed and the study concluded that this combination treatment should not be widely adopted for this type of cancer.
Article
Cell Biology
Irene M. G. M. Hemel et al.
Summary: The study analyzed five open source ImageJ tools and found that the Mitochondrial Analyzer outperforms other tools in accurate identification and structural segregation of mitochondria, making it the best open source tool for mitochondrial network morphology quantification.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaara Oren et al.
Summary: Recent studies have revealed that cancer cells can enter different lineages in response to treatment, with distinct biological characteristics and metabolic programs. Proliferative capacity of drug-tolerant persister cells is associated with upregulation of antioxidant gene programs and a metabolic shift to fatty acid oxidation.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karen Gomez et al.
Summary: Understanding chemotherapy resistance can improve anticancer treatments. Persister cells in tumors contribute to this resistance, and characterizing them in detail can help reveal their origins.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xin Chen et al.
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating gastrointestinal cancer with late diagnosis, limited treatment success and poor prognosis, primarily composed of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The occurrence and progression of PDAC are influenced by various factors, and the exact impact of cell death on PDAC is not yet well described.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Rana R. Mckay
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
T. K. Choueiri et al.
Summary: The study showed that adjuvant pembrolizumab therapy significantly improved disease-free survival compared to placebo among high-risk kidney cancer patients after surgery, with a positive impact on overall survival as well.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rajendra S. Apte
Summary: Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in older persons in industrialized nations. Micronutrient supplementation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor pharmacotherapy can reduce the risk of progression. Baseline examination by eye care providers and ancillary testing are essential for diagnosis and treatment.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tianli Chen et al.
Summary: The study revealed that FGF19 and FGFR4 are adverse prognostic biomarkers for gallbladder carcinoma, with their co-expression being a more sensitive predictor. FGF19 can promote GBC progression by stimulating FGFR4 activation via an autocrine pathway with bile as a potential carrier.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Micaela Sandoval et al.
Summary: This study investigated demographic and clinical risk factors for severe COVID-19 and readmission among young adults aged 18-29 in Houston, Texas. Findings indicated that factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, obesity, asthma history, and comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and diabetes were predictive of severe disease and readmission within 30 days. The study highlights the need for COVID-19 awareness and prevention in young adults, especially those in marginalized communities with underlying health conditions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woo Dae Jang et al.
Summary: The study team successfully identified 15 and 23 potential repurposed drugs for COVID-19 from 6,218 approved and clinical trial drugs, with seven of them showing the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells. Additionally, three drug combinations exhibited strong synergistic effects in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2, improving antiviral efficacy and reducing the risk of drug toxicity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Herman Pontzer et al.
Summary: Total daily energy expenditure increases with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, showing four distinct life stages. The expenditure remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy, but declines in older adults.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timothy W. Rhoads et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tia A. Tummino et al.
Summary: Phospholipidosis may be a shared mechanism underlying the antiviral activity of many repurposed drugs, and early detection and elimination of these effects can enable a focus on molecules with therapeutic potential.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuping Cai et al.
Summary: This study reveals a specific link between the serum metabolomes and immune responses in male COVID-19 patients, with the metabolite kynurenic acid (KA) playing a key role in influencing clinical outcomes and immune responses in a sex-specific manner.
Article
Oncology
Yanyan Wu et al.
Summary: This study identified crucial genes related to the regulatory effects on the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of ccRCC cells by constructing miRNA-mRNA, lncRNA-miRNA, and lncRNA-mRNA networks. The integration of these networks revealed hsa-mir-122 as the only crucial gene in a three-layer network, providing new insights into the oncogenesis and progression of ccRCC.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dinyadarshini Johnson et al.
Summary: The field of probiotics has grown significantly in recent years, showing potential in various health domains and in the treatment of depression. The promising role and mechanisms in treating depression provide important insights for probiotic research.
Article
Cell Biology
Mohammad Abu-Odeh et al.
Summary: The study reveals that FGF21 in adipocytes serves as a cell-autonomous autocrine regulator of adipose tissue function. Adipose-specific deletion of the FGF21 co-receptor beta-Klotho renders mice unresponsive to beta-adrenergic stimulation, while liver-specific ablation of FGF21 does not affect mice's response to beta-adrenergic browning of adipose tissue.
Article
Cell Biology
Althea N. Waldhart et al.
Summary: The study shows that mice lacking TXNIP have lower levels of PUFAs in their mitochondrial membrane lipids, affecting mitochondrial function and causing lower heat output. This phenotype can be rescued by a ketogenic diet, confirming the usefulness of this model in understanding early cellular damage caused by excess glucose influx.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrew George et al.
Summary: Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various cancers, but does not work effectively in all cases. Strategies to sensitize tumors are being explored to overcome resistance to immunotherapy and prevent hyperprogression, ultimately aiming to improve treatment effectiveness.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Lei Ding et al.
Summary: Despite achieving certain efficacy in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies limits their effectiveness. Differential efficacy may be related to alterations in PD-L1 expression and interference with cellular immunity. Combinations with targeted agents or other checkpoint monoclonal antibodies have shown promise in enhancing clinical outcomes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Scott P. Davies et al.
Summary: The study suggests that fenofibrate and fenofibric acid may be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection by up to 70% at clinically achievable concentrations. These drugs have a history of clinical use and relatively good safety profiles, making them potential therapeutic agents that require urgent clinical evaluation for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jennifer Thorley
Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
(2021)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Justice Nonvignon
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Marco H. Ji et al.
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in various eye diseases, affecting both rare conditions like LHON and common diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Therapies targeting mitochondrial function have shown promise, with approved treatments like photobiomodulation for AMD and idebenone for LHON, as well as promising results from trials with Elamipretide and GS010 gene therapy. Mitochondria are recognized as viable therapeutic targets for a broad range of ocular diseases.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Namshik Han et al.
Summary: The study identified 200 approved drugs suitable for repurposing against COVID-19 and classified them into nine pathways, categorized under two mechanisms of action: viral replication and immune response. Two drugs have been shown to inhibit viral replication in cell assays, opening up new avenues for the rapid repurposing of approved drugs into clinical trials.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven N. Austad et al.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Joao Alfredo Moraes et al.
Summary: Increased body fat is associated with a higher risk of various types of cancer, with recent findings suggesting a close relationship between extracellular vesicles released by adipose tissue and the progression of cancer. The alterations in content of adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in obesity, including an increase in pro-inflammatory proteins and oncogenic microRNAs, drive inflammatory responses both locally and systemically. The role of adipose tissue in cancer development is being increasingly recognized, particularly in its communication with cancer cells through extracellular vesicles.
Review
Oncology
Frank J. Borm et al.
Summary: Immunotherapy is becoming increasingly important in cancer treatment, but many patients do not respond to it, making predicting treatment response challenging. Positron emission tomography (PET) is being studied as a biomarker to predict and evaluate treatment response to immunotherapy.
Review
Cell Biology
Sabrina Carrella et al.
Summary: The retina is a highly metabolically active tissue with unique mitochondrial distribution vital for energy supply. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been correlated with visual loss and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations in various retinal diseases. miRNAs are considered key regulators in retinal degeneration and potential biomarkers for disease prediction and prognosis, making them crucial targets for clinical applications in eye diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Qi Wu et al.
Summary: Metabolic reprogramming plays a key role in tumor-immune interactions, influencing pro-inflammatory carcinogenic effects and anticancer immune responses. Dysregulated metabolites impact both cancer progression and therapeutic responses. Possible interventions at multiple levels are discussed to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and conventional approaches in future anticancer treatments.
CANCER COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Filippo Scialo et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on socio-economic life, especially posing higher risks for individuals with underlying health conditions. Despite year-long efforts in academic research, there is still much to learn about SARS-CoV-2 and its potential future impacts on human health.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Alessandro Di Federico et al.
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a challenging disease with a complex genomic landscape that affects tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor growth and drug resistance. Despite chemotherapy being the mainstay of treatment, personalized medicine has shown promising results with some drugs.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Shuchi Gulati et al.
Summary: Management of kidney cancer has evolved with the approval of new therapies in the past two decades. Despite improved clinical outcomes, there is still a need to identify molecular targets for effective treatment. Precision medicine is on the horizon with the use of validated biomarkers to guide treatment choices.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Andrew J. Murphy et al.
Summary: This Perspective reflects on the advances made in the past 20 years in developing immune-based therapies for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, highlighting the central role of the immune system in these disorders and the potential impact of immune-based interventions in reducing death and disability from cardiometabolic disorders.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Nazish Sayed et al.
Summary: From analyzing the blood immunome of 1,001 individuals aged 8-96 years, researchers have developed an inflammatory clock of aging (iAge) that tracks with multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty, and cardiovascular aging, and is associated with exceptional longevity in centenarians. The chemokine CXCL9 plays a key role in age-related chronic inflammation and is a major contributor to iAge.
Article
Cell Biology
Andrew J. J. Scott et al.
Summary: Research shows that compressing morbidity by improving health is more valuable than extending life, and targeting aging may offer larger economic gains. Slowing aging to increase life expectancy by 1 year is worth US$38 trillion, and by 10 years, US$367 trillion.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maximillian Taro William Lee et al.
Summary: This manuscript reviews compounds historically used to modulate the mitochondrial network and provides a perspective on the evidence of relevant exposure in a representative model, as well as the likelihood of target binding and pharmacological engagement. It aims to help identify validated targets and mechanisms with high-quality chemical matter, as well as opportunities for further exploration.
RSC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haifeng Jiao et al.
Summary: Mitocytosis is a migrasome-mediated mitochondrial quality-control process that helps maintain mitochondrial quality in migrating cells. The process involves positioning damaged mitochondria at the cell periphery, which avoids binding to inward motor proteins. Enhanced mitocytosis protects cells from mitochondrial stressor-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration, while blocking mitocytosis causes loss of these functions under normal conditions. Physiologically, mitocytosis is required for maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and viability in neutrophils in vivo.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laura Montefusco et al.
Summary: Patients with COVID-19 may experience hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and abnormal glucose metabolism, with these glycaemic abnormalities potentially persisting for at least 2 months after recovery. Further research into metabolic abnormalities in the context of long COVID is warranted.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
S. Mohana Devi et al.
Summary: This article discusses the roles of DNA methylation and histone modification in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. It emphasizes the importance of improving therapeutics to enhance patient quality of life and reduce the burden of these potentially blinding conditions.
Review
Immunology
Kristin DePeaux et al.
Summary: The tumour microenvironment creates barriers that suppress immune responses, including physical barriers, recruitment of suppressive immune cells, and upregulation of inhibitory ligands on tumour cells. Therapies targeting metabolic restrictions in the tumour microenvironment show promise for combination therapies against various types of cancer.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kyle H. Flippo et al.
Summary: FGF21, a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, acts as an endocrine hormone signaling to various targets in the body. Initially recognized for its potential in correcting metabolic dysfunction and reducing body weight associated with diabetes and obesity, new functions of FGF21 signaling have emerged, demonstrating its ability to regulate macronutrient preference and energy balance.
Review
Immunology
Kelsey Voss et al.
Summary: Immunologists are revisiting the importance of metabolic pathways and offering a framework to explore immunometabolism, highlighting the power of metabolism in immunology through different methodologies. They provide recommendations for developing and testing metabolic hypotheses, aiming to help researchers avoid common mistakes and understand the impact of metabolism on immunity.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Dewi Fathin Romdhoniyyah et al.
Summary: Analysis of the association between metformin and AMD suggests a potential benefit in decreasing AMD risk, although statistical significance was not achieved. Prospective studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm the efficacy of metformin in treating different stages of AMD.
OPHTHALMOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Felicia L. Lenzo et al.
Summary: This study identified 5 unique clinically relevant immunosuppression expression profiles in PDAC, providing a roadmap for personalized immunotherapeutic decision-making strategies through comprehensive immune profiling.
ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
James R. M. Black et al.
Summary: This article discusses the importance of functional and non-functional intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) in cancer evolution. It emphasizes the need to consider genetic and non-genetic factors in tumor evolution, and highlights the role of systems-biology analytical approaches in understanding the functional ITH. Ultimately, deepening our understanding of tumour evolution through functional ITH will lead to the development of novel therapies and improved outcomes for patients.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Thiago Carvalho et al.
Summary: The timeline of major scientific discoveries during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the collaborative efforts that led to rapid progress in understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. It showcases the unprecedented convergence of research efforts on COVID-19 and identifies gaps in knowledge for future investigations.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Evgenii M. Kozlov et al.
Summary: The emergence of the novel coronavirus in December 2019 in China led to a global pandemic that severely impacted healthcare systems and economic life worldwide. The virus primarily targets the respiratory system and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, with most infected individuals being asymptomatic or having only minor symptoms, while those in high-risk groups have an increased likelihood of severe illness. Recent research has revealed the role of oxidative stress in SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting its potential importance in understanding the disease mechanism and developing treatment strategies.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chao Fang et al.
Summary: A deep patient graph convolutional network called DeePaN has been developed to effectively discover NSCLC complexity and stratify patients for potential clinical application of IO therapy. The network has shown promising results in significantly differentiating patient subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes and has the potential to enhance IO biomarker research.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huakan Zhao et al.
Summary: Metabolic reprogramming with heterogeneity is a key feature of cancer, enabling tumor cells to adapt to low nutrition and hypoxic microenvironments. By manipulating various metabolic pathways, cancer cells produce biomass for their material needs and generate ATP and antioxidants to survive stress conditions. The metabolic products of cancer cells also play a role in remodeling the tumor microenvironment to create an immunosuppressive milieu. Targeting metabolic pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Giulia Amore et al.
Summary: Efforts to effectively treat hereditary optic neuropathies have made progress with the launch of idebenone for LHON, but further options are needed for conditions like DOA. Developing medications, including gene therapy, are showing promise, paving the way for future therapeutic options in this field.
Review
Immunology
Vijay Kumar
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally, with the immune system playing a crucial role in disease severity, particularly affecting older individuals and those with comorbidities. Protective antibodies produced by patients are not long-lasting, and therapeutic interventions may focus on regulating immunometabolism.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kyle Thompson et al.
JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE
(2020)
Review
Oncology
Ilaria Caon et al.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Pathology
David C. Chan
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY: MECHANISMS OF DISEASE, VOL 15, 2020
(2020)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Judit Bene et al.
CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Ophthalmology
Eli Kisilevsley et al.
SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Liu et al.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Yang et al.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Raghunandan Yendapally et al.
DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Genaro Hernandez et al.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Hiromi Wettersten
SEMINARS IN NEPHROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Cell Biology
Varnesh Tiku et al.
TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. M. Faas et al.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oliver M. Russell et al.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed Abu-Farha et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Review
Cell Biology
Jay X. Tan et al.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brandon Faubert et al.
Review
Oncology
Joseph Lau et al.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Linda Partridge et al.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2020)
Review
Cell Biology
Sonia Ravanelli et al.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Keshav K. Singh et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenneth R. Olson
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ai Guo et al.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Markaki et al.
Article
Oncology
Hanumantha Rao Madala et al.
Review
Cell Biology
Karthik Vasan et al.
Article
Cell Biology
Didac Santesmasses et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth J. Williamson et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kiran Chaudhari et al.
Article
Immunology
Andrew R. Sas et al.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Noboru Mizushima et al.
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