The Role of Long Non-coding RNA, Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) in Cancer and Other Pathologies

Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), consisting of two kinds of lncRNAs of 3.7 kB NEAT1-1 and 23 kB NEAT1-2, can be highly expressed in organs and tissues such as the ovary, prostate, colon, and pancreas, and is involved in paraspeckle formation and mRNA editing and gene expression. Therefore, NEAT1 is a potential biomarker for the treatment of a variety of diseases, which may be caused by two factors (isoforms of NEAT1 and NEAT1 sponging miRNA as ceRNA). However, there is still much confusion about the mechanism and downstream effector between the abnormal expression of NEAT1 and various diseases. This review summarizes recent research progress on NEAT1 in cancer and other pathologies and provides a more reliable theoretical basis for the treatment of related diseases.

Automated summary

NEAT1, a long non-coding RNA highly expressed in various organs, is involved in paraspeckle formation and gene expression, making it a potential biomarker for treating diseases. Despite its potential, the mechanisms and downstream effects of abnormal NEAT1 expression in diseases remain unclear.