期刊
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
卷 659, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142455
关键词
stars: individual: GJ 1214; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: individual: GJ 1214b; techniques: spectroscopic
资金
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, CAHA16-CE-3978]
- CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie)
- CARMENES Consortium (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia)
- CARMENES Consortium (Landessternwarte Konigstuhl)
- CARMENES Consortium (Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai)
- CARMENES Consortium (Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen)
- CARMENES Consortium (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)
- CARMENES Consortium (Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg)
- CARMENES Consortium (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias)
- CARMENES Consortium (Hamburger Sternwarte)
- CARMENES Consortium (Centro de Astrobiologia)
- CARMENES Consortium (Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman)
- MINECO
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Klaus Tschira Stiftung
- state of Baden-Wurttemberg
- state of Niedersachsen
- Junta de Andalucia
- Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion
- ERDF A way of making Europe [PID2019-109522GB-C5[1:4], PID2019-110689RB-I00, PGC2018-098153-B-C31]
- Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa award [CEX2019-000920-S, SEV-2017-0709, MDM-2017-0737]
- Centre of Excellence Maria de Maeztu award [CEX2019-000920-S, SEV-2017-0709, MDM-2017-0737]
- European Research Council [832428, 694513]
- Excellence Cluster ORIGINS - DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy EXC-2094 [390783311]
- Generalitat de Catalunya via the CERCA programme
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO)
- European Research Council (ERC) [832428, 694513] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
The potential detection of He I in the atmosphere of GJ 1214 b was studied using high-resolution spectroscopy, resolving previous conflicting results. If confirmed, the extended atmosphere of GJ 1214 b would provide evidence of a primordial atmosphere accreted from the original planetary nebula.
The He I lambda 10833 angstrom triplet is a powerful tool for characterising the upper atmosphere of exoplanets and tracing possible mass loss. Here, we analysed one transit of GJ 1214 b observed with the CARMENES high-resolution spectrograph to study its atmosphere via transmission spectroscopy around the He I triplet. Although previous studies using lower resolution instruments have reported non-detections of He I in the atmosphere of GJ 1214 b, we report here the first potential detection. We reconcile the conflicting results arguing that previous transit observations did not present good opportunities for the detection of He I, due to telluric H2O absorption and OH emission contamination. We simulated those earlier observations, and show evidence that the planetary signal was contaminated. From our single non-telluric-contaminated transit, we determined an excess absorption of 2.10(-0.50)(+0.45)% (4.6 sigma) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.30(-0.25)(+0.30) angstrom. The detection of He I is statistically significant at the 4.6 sigma level, but repeatability of the detection could not be confirmed due to the availability of only one transit. By applying a hydrodynamical model and assuming an H/He composition of 98/2, we found that GJ 1214 b would undergo hydrodynamic escape in the photon-limited regime, losing its primary atmosphere with a mass-loss rate of (1.5-18) x 10(10) g s(-1) and an outflow temperature in the range of 2900-4400 K. Further high-resolution follow-up observations of GJ 1214 b are needed to confirm and fully characterise the detection of an extended atmosphere surrounding GJ 1214 b. If confirmed, this would be strong evidence that this planet has a primordial atmosphere accreted from the original planetary nebula. Despite previous intensive observations from space- and ground-based observatories, our He I excess absorption is the first tentative detection of a chemical species in the atmosphere of this benchmark sub-Neptune planet.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据