4.6 Editorial Material

Metastructures: From physics to application

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Article Physics, Applied

Stick-and-play metasurfaces for directional light outcoupling

Kenichi Agata et al.

Summary: A metasurface sticker has been developed to control the in- and outcoupling of light, modulating the emission pattern spatially and spectrally. This sticker enhances optical response from different surfaces and aids in the integration of metasurfaces into functional devices.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Higher-order topology in plasmonic Kagome lattices

Matthew Proctor et al.

Summary: This study investigates the topological properties of a Kagome plasmonic metasurface, demonstrating the support for an obstructed atomic limit phase and characterizing the hierarchy of topological boundary modes hosted by a subwavelength array of plasmonic nanoparticles. It also showcases the properties of these modes, such as robust light confinement at subwavelength scales, and shows the selective excitation of delocalized corner modes in a topological cavity through nonzero orbital angular momentum beam excitation.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Acoustic cloak designed by topology optimization for acoustic-elastic coupled systems

Garuda Fujii et al.

Summary: This study focuses on developing optimal acoustic cloaks through topology optimization and acoustic-elastic interactions, in order to render objects unobservable to airborne and water-borne sounds. The designed cloaks are expressed as iso-surfaces representing sharp structural boundaries between acoustic and elastic media, ensuring that scatterers remain invisible to sound waves of multiple frequencies from various angles.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Diffuse field cross-correlation in a programmable-metasurface-stirred reverberation chamber

Philipp del Hougne et al.

Summary: By utilizing the configurational degrees of freedom of programmable metasurfaces, the impulse response between passive antennas in chaotic wave fields and a reverberation chamber can be retrieved via cross-correlation techniques, with potential applications in phaseless imaging for indoor context-awareness.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Hyperuniform disordered distribution metasurface for scattering reduction

Haoyang Zhang et al.

Summary: The study introduces the concept of using hyperuniform disorder to generate metasurfaces for improved diffusion. The metasurface with hyperuniform disorder outperforms the periodic metasurface by expanding the operating bandwidth and significantly reducing the radar cross section.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Temporal multilayer structures for designing higher-order transfer functions using time-varying metamaterials

D. Ramaccia et al.

Summary: Temporal metamaterials are artificial materials with electromagnetic properties that change over time, allowing for the realization of non-homogeneous temporal media or stepwise transitions. By modeling wave propagation through a generalized temporal multilayer structure, higher-order transfer functions can be synthesized, enabling the design of novel electromagnetic and optical devices with tailored scattering responses. This approach leverages the temporal dimension instead of the spatial dimension typically used in optical and electromagnetic multilayered structures.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Topological slow light via coupling chiral edge modes with flatbands

Letian Yu et al.

Summary: The research presents a simple and general scheme to achieve broadband topological slow light by coupling chiral edge modes with flatbands, without the need for modifications inside the topological lattice, only requiring additional resonators supporting flatbands to be attached at the lattice edge.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Broadband sound attenuation by metaliner under grazing flow

Sibo Huang et al.

Summary: A novel acoustic metaliner is proposed to effectively attenuate sound energy in a wide frequency range under grazing flow, providing a route to reduce flow-related noise. By tuning the coupling between NEHRs and the perforated plate, efficient broadband impedance modulation is achieved, leading to strong dissipation of sound energy at different flow speeds.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Anisotropic glide-symmetric substrate-integrated-holey metasurface for a compressed ultrawideband Luneburg lens

Qiao Chen et al.

Summary: An anisotropic unit cell based on glide symmetry is proposed for tailoring a metasurface that engineers an optically transformed Luneburg lens, resulting in a reduction of 25% in lens size and coverage of multi-octave frequency bands. The proposed lens is ultrawideband and is achieved using substrate-integrated-holes technology.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Meta-atomless architecture based on an irregular continuous fabric of coupling-tuned identical nanopillars enables highly efficient and achromatic metasurfaces

H. Bilge Yagci et al.

Summary: This research presents a new achromatic metasurface element architecture that achieves high efficiency scatterers interacting efficiently with incoming waves by adjusting intercoupling distances. By using identical nanopillars to build a polarization-independent scatterer library, it successfully achieves achromatic focusing metalens.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Computational inverse design for ultra-compact single-piece metalenses free of chromatic and angular aberration

Zin Lin et al.

Summary: This study presents a full-Maxwell topology-optimized design of a single-piece multilayer metalens that can simultaneously focus within a 60-degree angular range and a 23% spectral bandwidth without suffering chromatic or angular aberration. The design achieves diffraction-limited focusing and an absolute focusing efficiency of over 50% at all angles and frequencies, demonstrating ultra-compact multifunctionality. This paves the way for future work on design and fabrication of multilayer metaoptics.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Metamaterial-inspired multilayered structures optimized to enable wireless communications through a plasmasonic region

Bruce A. Webb et al.

Summary: This study explores an electromagnetic metamaterial-based approach to mitigate communication losses caused by radio frequency blackout phenomenon when a plasma forms around a plasmasonic vehicle traveling through an atmosphere. By developing a paired epsilon- and mu-negative layered meta-structure matched to the epsilon-negative plasma, a low-loss passband window is created. Numerical simulations confirm the efficacy of the resulting meta-structure and its ability to achieve reasonable signal strengths through representative plasma thicknesses.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

C-shaped chiral waveguide for spin-dependent unidirectional propagation

Sara M. Kandil et al.

Summary: The study focuses on a waveguide design consisting of C-shaped metallic particles that support spin-dependent unidirectional propagation with a directionality ratio of up to 95%. The effect of placing different local defects on the directionality of the supported guided mode is also investigated.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Elliptical micropillar cavity design for highly efficient polarized emission of single photons

Ugur Meric Gur et al.

Summary: In this study, the performance of a micropillar cavity single-photon source with an elliptical cross section was numerically investigated. It was found that while the ellipticity helps establish polarization control of emitted photons, there is a trade-off with reduced coupling to a Gaussian profile in the far field and the need for increased pumping power. Optimum geometrical parameters were identified to achieve a maximum polarized coupling efficiency to a Gaussian profile in the far field with a modest increase in pump power.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Invisibility cloaking with passive and active Huygens's metasurfaces

Paris Ang et al.

Summary: According to the Equivalence Principle, any distribution of electromagnetic fields can be generated within a closed region by suitable electric and magnetic sources located on its bounding surface. The development of Huygens's metasurfaces in recent years has enabled precise manipulation of electromagnetic waves through subwavelength thin sheets of artificial active and/or passive elements. This work aims to provide an overview of Huygens's metasurfaces with a focus on cloaking applications, detailing both active and passive Huygens's cloaks after discussing general operation and design principles.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Experimental realization of phonon demultiplexing in three-dimensions

Osama R. Bilal et al.

Summary: Phononic metamaterials enable the realization of acoustic components similar to their electronic counterparts, such as transistors, logic gates, and calculators. This study presents an experimental implementation of a three-dimensional, four-channel phononic demultiplexer, based on a series of pass-bands within a large bandgap that can be easily tuned for multi-channel frequency demultiplexing.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Acceleration of radiative recombination in quasi-2D perovskite films on hyperbolic metamaterials

Pavel Tonkaev et al.

Summary: Hyperbolic metamaterials allow for unique control of photonic local density of states, making them promising for use in light-emitting devices. Layered quasi-2D halide perovskites attract attention due to their low cost and outstanding optoelectronic properties. By depositing a perovskite film on a hyperbolic metamaterial, the photoluminescence can be accelerated by almost 3 times, which is crucial for the interplay between radiative and non-radiative channels of charge carrier recombination in light-emitting devices.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Broadband and unidirectional plasmonic hyperlensing in drift-biased graphene

N. K. Paul et al.

Summary: This study explores the realization of broadband and unidirectional plasmonic hyperlensing over a graphene layer biased with two orthogonal drift-biases. By taking into account nonlocality and nonreciprocity, ultraconfined states are generated in the direction aligned with the effective biasing current. The platform is able to resolve the presence of two point-source emitters over a broad frequency range and discusses the potential use of spin-orbit interactions for constructing unidirectional hyperlenses.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Will flat optics appear in everyday life anytime soon?

Wei Ting Chen et al.

Summary: Metasurface-based flat optical components, consisting of sub-wavelength dielectric nanostructures, offer advantages such as reduced size and complexity while introducing new functionalities. Examples include achromatic optical components, a full-Stokes metasurface camera, and a high-performance metasurface depth sensor. Future trends and opportunities in metasurface development are also discussed.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Self-complementary metasurfaces for designing terahertz deflecting circular-polarization beam splitters

S. A. Kuznetsov et al.

Summary: Metasurfaces offer a wide range of functionalities for wavefront manipulation in different frequency ranges, with the advantage of subwavelength thickness. This work investigates a terahertz splitter based on a spatially nonuniform metasurface composed of self-complementary unit cells, which can separate circularly polarized beams.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

IR and metasurface based mm-wave camera

Johan Lundgren et al.

Summary: A technique has been developed to measure low-power electromagnetic fields from mm-wave devices non-intrusively by combining a metasurface and an infrared camera. This setup allows for real-time imaging of incident electromagnetic fields and provides a general visualization of electromagnetic fields in a live setting.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable acoustic second-order topological insulator using condensed soda cans array

Zichong Yue et al.

Summary: The study experimentally demonstrates a reconfigurable condensed acoustic second-order topological insulator and successfully observes the appearance of topological corner states in finite structures.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Inversion of angular-dependent planar magnetoresistance in epitaxial Pt/γ′-Fe4N bilayers

Xiaohui Shi et al.

Summary: The study reveals that the inversion of anisotropy magnetoresistance and planar Hall resistivity by capping a Pt layer on the γ'-Fe4N layer is mainly determined by the interfacial effect, shedding light on the interfacial SOC effects and potential applications in magnetic sensors.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Tunable asymmetric acoustic transmission via binary metasurface and zero-index metamaterials

Zhongming Gu et al.

Summary: This study proposed a design to achieve tunable asymmetric sound transmission through the combination of zero-index metamaterials and binary metasurface, breaking the traditional design limitations with significant physical significance. Experimental results demonstrated the potential applications in fields such as noise cancelation, acoustic imaging, and ultrasound therapy.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Wave trapping by acoustic black hole: Simultaneous reduction of sound reflection and transmission

Yongzhen Mi et al.

Summary: Acoustic metamaterials, including the concept of Acoustic Black Hole (ABH), show great potential for trapping and dissipating sound energy. In a duct ABH with continuous cross-sectional reduction and impedance variation, the sound speed can be progressively reduced to trap sound waves within the structure. Research on the simultaneous reduction of sound reflection and transmission is promising and could overcome limitations of traditional noise control devices.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Directly grown crystalline gallium phosphide on sapphire for nonlinear all-dielectric nanophotonics

D. Khmelevskaia et al.

Summary: Efficient second harmonic generation in nanophotonic designs demands materials with large values of the quadratic nonlinear susceptibility, low dissipative losses, and high refractive index. Gallium phosphide (GaP) is one of the best materials meeting all these parameters. Developing a method to fabricate high-quality crystalline GaP metasurfaces demonstrates pronounced linear and nonlinear optical properties.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Nonperturbative decay dynamics in metamaterial waveguides

Inigo Liberal et al.

Summary: This work investigates the nonperturbative decay dynamics of a quantum emitter coupled to a composite transmission line, showing that the waveguide is characterized by a bandgap with asymmetric edges and branch cut singularities contribute to fractional decay dynamics. The nature of the decay dynamics depends on the properties of the band edges in the waveguide with multiple possibilities offered by the nontrivial dispersion of metamaterial waveguides.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Uncorrelated configurations and field uniformity in reverberation chambers stirred by reconfigurable metasurfaces

J. -B. Gros et al.

Summary: Reverberation chambers are currently used for various measurements related to electromagnetic compatibility and antenna characterization. A mode stirring process based on ERMs is introduced to efficiently generate a large number of uncorrelated field realizations within small reverberation chambers. Experimental characterization and comparison with a model based on random matrix theory show good agreement.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Classical-to-topological transmission line couplers

Robert J. Davis et al.

Summary: Recent advances in topologically robust waveguiding for electromagnetic systems have opened opportunities for improving practical photonic and microwave devices by interfacing with classical transmission line technology. The compact, highly efficient transition from a classical metallic transmission line to a topologically nontrivial line wave emulating the quantum spin Hall effect presents a promising path towards integrating topologically robust metasurface transmission lines into traditional systems for future applications.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Nonradiative subdiffraction near-field patterns using metagratings

Oshri Rabinovich et al.

Summary: The study introduces a new method using metagratings to shape nonradiative field patterns in transmission, generating desired reactive near-field profiles with deep subwavelength features. This approach can directly produce fabrication-ready printed-circuit-board configurations, allowing versatile control of reactive near fields.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Exploring topology of 1D quasiperiodic metastructures through modulated LEGO resonators

Matheus I. N. Rosa et al.

Summary: The study investigates dynamics and topology of metastructures with quasiperiodically modulated local resonances using a LEGO beam platform. Experimental mapping of resonant spectrum of an elastic medium was achieved, classifying non-trivial spectral gaps and verifying them through observation of topological edge states. The results demonstrate the potential for designing metastructures with functionalities beyond periodic media and provide a simple platform for observing various topological phenomena.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Overlapped and sequential metasurface modulations for Bi-Chromatic beams generation

Marco Faenzi et al.

Summary: This paper describes the generation of directive beams at two different frequencies using a circular metasurface antenna based on a surface wave excitation. Two methods are presented: one involves mathematically superimposing two MTS modulations, while the other method matches the period of the MTS modulation to the SW wavelengths at two different frequencies. Numerical and experimental results are provided for both approaches.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

A broadband acoustic panel based on double-layer membrane-type metamaterials

Huy Nguyen et al.

Summary: This study presents a large-scale acoustic panel made of double-layer membrane-type metamaterials for broadband noise reduction, which shows excellent transmission loss within a wide frequency range. The design and theoretical model proposed could be an efficient tool for designing acoustic metamaterial-based panels and soundproof walls with high noise reduction in low/middle frequency regions.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Time-domain investigation of an external cloak for antiplane elastic waves

S. Guenneau et al.

Summary: Space folding techniques and core-shell resonant systems are used to design a cloak that reduces scattering of elastic waves, but efficiency decreases and cloaking breaks down when the source is placed in the intense near field of the cloak and at short time scales.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Babinet's principle and saturation of the resonance frequency of scaled-down complementary metasurfaces

Julian D. Ortiz et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the saturation and attenuation phenomena occurring in a Complementary SRR (CSRR) are similar to those in a Split Ring Resonator (SRR). The saturation frequency of the CSRR was found to be close to that of the SRR with equivalent geometrical dimensions, and the saturation levels of both structures can be controlled by tuning their geometry. This research is important for designing quasi-optical metamaterials based on SRRs and CSRRs resonating at the same frequency.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Ultrathin and high-efficiency Pancharatnam-Berry phase metalens for millimeter waves

Alexia Moreno-Penarrubia et al.

Summary: Applying the PB principle to HWP metasurfaces allows manipulation of wavefronts and conversion of circular polarization incident waves by rotating meta-atoms. PBM with four or more layers can achieve near 100% transmission efficiency but result in bulky structures. Compact tri-layer ultrathin designs can reach efficiency near 90% but are more challenging to manufacture compared to single- or bi-layer structures.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Optical isolator based on chiral light-matter interactions in a ring resonator integrating a dichroic magneto-optical material

Yuma Kawaguchi et al.

Summary: This paper proposes an alternative approach to realize nonreciprocal devices based on magneto-optical circular dichroism, relying on the presence of optical absorption. The approach utilizes the phenomenon of spin-Hall effect of light, leading to chiral near field interactions of light with matter in lossy regimes. This method may significantly broaden the possible choice of magneto-optical materials for nonreciprocal devices, enabling operation even in lossy regimes.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Stimulated emission in vicinity of the critical angle

Joshua K. Asane et al.

Summary: Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) propagation along the planar interface between two adjacent dielectrics has been demonstrated, with emission originating from a leaky mode fueled by optical gain in the low-index dielectric. This outcoupling to the high-index dielectric near the critical angle for total internal reflection leads to the observation of concentric rings of ASE emission above the low and soft stimulated emission threshold. The study results can be utilized to develop novel miniature low-threshold stimulated emission sources and photonic circuits operating at optical frequencies.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Dependence of the coupling properties between a plasmonic antenna array and a sub-wavelength epsilon-near-zero film on structural and material parameters

Karapet Manukyan et al.

Summary: This numerical study investigates the linear optical response of a plasmonic dipole antenna array in combination with an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) thin film. It shows that the antenna array properties can be strongly or weakly influenced by the coupling with the ENZ film, and the presence of low-loss ENZ films can make the lower polariton branch visible. Additionally, thick, lossy ENZ films may result in the lower polariton branch being unobservable.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Perfect non-specular reflection with polarization control by using a locally passive metasurface sheet on a grounded dielectric slab

C. Yepes et al.

Summary: This paper investigates the conditions for achieving perfect anomalous reflection through a modulated metasurface with metallic cladding printed over a grounded slab. By modeling the metallic cladding and accounting for the grounded slab, the exact solution is found for retroreflection with arbitrary phase shifts, while changing the polarization allows for exact solutions for various combinations of incidence and reflection angles. The derived penetrable impedance profile provides a practical solution for implementing perfect anomalous reflection through a simple distribution of metallic patches.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Ultrafast all-optical diffraction switching using semiconductor metasurfaces

Polina P. Vabishchevich et al.

Summary: In this study, a tunable Mie resonant metasurface based on a diffractive array of semiconductor resonators was designed for ultrafast all-optical switching. By balancing dipolar and quadrupolar Mie resonances, the metasurface can achieve radiation into different diffraction orders and demonstrate fast switch responses. The metasurface's temporal response is governed by thermo-optic effects at higher pump fluences.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Exceptional degeneracies in traveling wave tubes with dispersive slow-wave structure including space-charge effect

Kasra Rouhi et al.

Summary: The study focuses on the interaction between a linear electron beam and a guided electromagnetic wave in the context of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) supported by the system. A new model is proposed to describe this interaction in a linear beam traveling wave tube (TWT). The characteristics of EPDs and the sensitivity of the TWT-system to changes in electron velocity near an EPD are investigated using the augmented model.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Exceptional degeneracy in a waveguide periodically loaded with discrete gain and radiation loss elements

Ahmed F. Abdelshafy et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates the degeneracy of exceptional points in a periodic waveguide and provides analytical expressions for the possible conditions. In addition to symmetric loading, asymmetric gain and radiation conditions can also achieve degeneracy. This class of EPDs is very promising for microwave and optical resonators, antennas, devices, and new active integrated antenna arrays and radiating laser arrays.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

High temperature metamaterial terahertz quantum detector

Mathieu Jeannin et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2020)

Article Physics, Applied

Light absorption and nanofocusing on a tapered magnetic metasurface

Dong Wei et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2020)

Article Physics, Applied

Mitigation of Rayleigh-like waves in granular media via multi-layer resonant metabarriers

R. Zaccherini et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2020)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Negative refraction makes a perfect lens

JB Pendry

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2000)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity

DR Smith et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2000)