Outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma harboring chromosome 1q gain/amplification in the era of modern therapy

Chromosome 1q gain/amplification (1q +) has been reported to be associated with inferior outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Big therapeutic advances have shifted the treatment landscape by introducing monoclonal antibodies. There is a relative lack of data on outcomes in patients harboring this alteration in the era of monoclonal antibodies. Baseline characteristics and therapy-related data from newly diagnosed MM patients harboring 1q + detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were collected in a single institution. Among 34 identified subjects, the presence of elevated LDH was found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS), and increased bone marrow plasma cell percentage (>= 60%) was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS). 1q + copy number more than three was associated with both shorter OS and PFS. Additionally, the administration of lenalidomide was associated with superior OS. The use of autologous stem cell transplantation, bortezomib, or daratumumab, was found to have no prognostic benefits in our sample. Lenalidomide may be an optimal therapeutic choice for this population, and future larger studies are warranted to confirm this benefit and further investigate the role of monoclonal antibodies in this subpopulation.

Automated summary

Chromosome 1q gain/amplification has been linked to poor outcomes in multiple myeloma patients, and the introduction of monoclonal antibodies has changed treatment options. Limited data is available regarding outcomes in patients with 1q + in the era of monoclonal antibodies. Studying newly diagnosed MM patients revealed that elevated LDH levels were associated with shorter overall survival, while higher bone marrow plasma cell percentage was linked to worse progression-free survival. Presence of 1q + copy number more than three correlated with shorter overall survival and progression-free survival. The use of lenalidomide showed superior overall survival, while autologous stem cell transplantation, bortezomib, and daratumumab did not provide prognostic benefits in this specific population. More research is needed to confirm the benefits of lenalidomide and explore the role of monoclonal antibodies further in this subpopulation.