A Facile, Protein-Derived Supramolecular Theranostic Strategy for Multimodal-Imaging-Guided Photodynamic and Photothermal Immunotherapy In Vivo

Theranostic systems that permit both diagnosis and treatment in vivo are highly appealing means by which to meet the demands of precision medicine. However, most such systems remain subject to issues related to complex molecular design and synthesis, potential toxicity, and possible photoactivity changes. Herein, a novel supramolecular theranostic strategy involving biomarker protein activation (BPA) and a host-guest strategy is proposed. To exemplify BPA, a facile one-for-all nanotheranostic agent for both albumin detection and cancer treatment is demonstrated, which utilizes a nanoparticulate heavy-atom-free BODIPY dye derivative (B4 NPs). The fluorescence and photoactivity of BODIPY dyes are completely suppressed by aggregation-induced self-quenching in the nanoparticulate state. However, a Balb/c nude mouse model is used to confirm that following the disassembly of injected B4 NPs, BODIPY specifically binds albumin in vivo, accompanied by significantly enhanced biocompatibility and photothermal conversion efficiency. More importantly, this supramolecular host-guest BPA strategy enables the resultant nanoplatform to act as a facile and efficient strategy for photodynamic and photothermal immunotherapy.

Automated summary

This article introduces a novel supramolecular theranostic system that combines biomarker protein activation and a host-guest strategy. The authors demonstrate the design of a nanoparticulate theranostic agent that can detect albumin and treat cancer. The system also exhibits enhanced biocompatibility and photothermal conversion efficiency, making it a promising strategy for photodynamic and photothermal immunotherapy.