期刊
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
卷 24, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adem.202101080
关键词
finite element analysis; mechanophore; mechanophore activation; stimuli-responsive; stress quantification
资金
- GAANN Fellowship [P200A150142]
- Young Scholar Fellowship Program by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) [108-2636-E-009-003, 109-2634-F-009026]
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University from The Featured Areas Research Center Program
- Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan
- NSF CMMI [1662554]
- NSF CAREER [2045908]
- Purdue University
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [2045908] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1662554] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This study presents a method to calibrate the intensity of MP fluorescent activation with local hydrostatic stresses. By monitoring the fluorescence intensity during quasi-static deformation and using finite element analysis, a linear relationship between the intensity and local hydrostatic stresses is established, which can be applied to many MP-containing materials systems for calibration.
Mechanophores (MPs) undergo chemical reactions to become fluorescent in response to a mechanical stimulus that reflects the magnitude and distribution of applied stress. MPs are an emerging technology for self-reporting damage sensing applications in polymeric materials in the aeronautical, energy generation, and automotive industries. However, quantitative calibration of the MP response to local stresses remains an outstanding challenge. Herein, a method to calibrate the intensity of the MP fluorescent activation (I) with local hydrostatic stresses (sigma(h)) is presented. Uniaxial tension is applied to a simple composite comprised of a rigid sphere (silica) embedded in a MP-functionalized elastomeric matrix (spiropyran (SPN) functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)). By monitoring the fluorescence intensity with a confocal microscope while a quasi-static deformation is applied, in situ observations of MP activation as a function of applied uniaxial strain are obtained. To calculate the associated stress fields, a finite element analysis (FEA) with cohesive zone elements is employed. By comparing sigma(h), calculated through FEA with the I of the PDMS/SPN system, a linear relationship between I and sigma(h) is directly determined. The technique presented can be employed for many MP-containing materials systems to calibrate I to sigma(h).
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