4.8 Article

Altered Proinflammatory Responses to Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coatings Are Associated with Differences in Protein Adsorption and Wettability

期刊

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 13, 期 46, 页码 55534-55549

出版社

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16175

关键词

protein adsorption; polyelectrolyte multilayers; wettability; immune response; PBMCs

资金

  1. EU-EFRE
  2. State of Baden-Wuerttemberg [712889]
  3. State Ministry of Baden-Wuerttemberg for Economic Affairs, Labour and Tourism

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This study investigated the impact of changes in surface wettability on protein adsorption and immune response by developing polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings with different surface properties. The results showed that a more hydrophobic coating led to a stronger inflammatory response, while a more hydrophilic coating resulted in a milder immune response. Analysis of protein adsorption patterns and cytokine production provided insights into the interplay between material properties and immune responses, which could guide the rational design of biomaterials.
A full understanding of the relationship between surface properties, protein adsorption, and immune responses is lacking but is of great interest for the design of biomaterials with desired biological profiles. In this study, polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings with gradient changes in surface wettability were developed to shed light on how this impacts protein adsorption and immune response in the context of material biocompatibility. The analysis of immune responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells to PEM coatings revealed an increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and interleukin (IL)-6 and the surface marker CD86 in response to the most hydrophobic coating, whereas the most hydrophilic coating resulted in a comparatively mild immune response. These findings were subsequently confirmed in a cohort of 24 donors. Cytokines were produced predominantly by monocytes with a peak after 24 h. Experiments conducted in the absence of serum indicated a contributing role of the adsorbed protein layer in the observed immune response. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed distinct protein adsorption patterns, with more inflammation-related proteins (e.g., apolipoprotein A-II) present on the most hydrophobic PEM surface, while the most abundant protein on the hydrophilic PEM (apolipoprotein A-I) was related to anti-inflammatory roles. The pathway analysis revealed alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-signaling pathway between the most hydrophilic and the most hydrophobic coating. The results show that the acute proinflammatory response to the more hydrophobic PEM surface is associated with the adsorption of inflammation-related proteins. Thus, this study provides insights into the interplay between material wettability, protein adsorption, and inflammatory response and may act as a basis for the rational design of biomaterials.

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