4.8 Article

Preparation and Machine-Learning Methods of Nacre-like Composites from the Self-Assembly of Magnetic Colloids Exposed to Rotating Magnetic Fields

期刊

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 13, 期 40, 页码 48040-48052

出版社

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13324

关键词

iron oxide nanoparticles; superparamagnetic colloids; sol-gel process; silica monoliths; artificial nacre; composite materials

资金

  1. University of Fribourg
  2. Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P2_ 133597, PP00P2_159258]
  3. NCCR program Bioinspired Materials
  4. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PP00P2_133597, PP00P2_159258] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

In this study, composite materials mimicking the structure of nacre were prepared by synthesizing a silica gel skeleton with a layered structure and filling the porous structure with a monomer to form a soft elastomer. The mechanical properties of the nacre-like composite material far exceeded those of nonstructured composite materials with an identical chemical composition, showing increased toughness and nearly 10-fold increase in Young's modulus. Pattern recognition and multivariate statistical analysis were used to identify the physical and chemical parameters influencing the mechanical properties of the monoliths.
Composite materials designed by nature, such as nacre, can display unique mechanical properties and have therefore been often mimicked by scientists. In this work, we prepared composite materials mimicking the nacre structure in two steps. First, we synthesized a silica gel skeleton with a layered structure using a bottom-up approach by modifying a sol-gel synthesis. Magnetic colloids were added to the sol solution, and a rotating magnetic field was applied during the sol-gel transition. When exposed to a rotating magnetic field, magnetic colloids organize in layers parallel to the plane of rotation of the field and template the growing silica phase, resulting in a layered anisotropic silica network mimicking the nacre's inorganic phase. Heat treatment has been applied to further harden the silica monoliths. The final nacre-inspired composite is created by filling the porous structure with a monomer, leading to a soft elastomer upon polymerization. Compression tests of the platelet-structured composite show that the mechanical properties of the nacre-like composite material far exceed those of nonstructured composite materials with an identical chemical composition. Increased toughness and a nearly 10-fold increase in Young's modulus were achieved. The natural brittleness and low elastic deformation of silica monoliths could be overcome by mimicking the natural architecture of nacre. Pattern recognition obtained with a classification of machine learning algorithms was applied to achieve a better understanding of the physical and chemical parameters that have the highest impact on the mechanical properties of the monoliths. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to show that the structural control and the heat treatment have a very strong influence on the mechanical properties of the monoliths.

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