Connotation, innovation and vision of carbon neutrality

Summary: In geological history, a major life explosion and five mass extinction events occurred, affecting the evolution of the Earth ecosystem and the formation of organic-rich strata. China's energy relies on new energy for energy independence and carbon neutrality. Energy science investigates the multiple relationships between energy, Earth, environment, and human beings, focusing on fossil energy development, new energy exploration, and energy development strategy.

Summary: Carbon dioxide is an important component in the global carbon cycle, with dual properties of converting organic matter in ecosystems and contributing to the greenhouse effect. Achieving carbon neutrality is a consensus, but faces challenges in politics, resources, technology, market, and energy structures. Carbon replacement, emission reduction, sequestration, and cycling are key approaches, with carbon replacement as a crucial aspect. New energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, nuclear, and hydrogen power play a major role in achieving low carbon emissions, with green hydrogen serving as a reserve force. Artificial carbon conversion technology acts as a bridge between new and fossil energy sources to reduce emissions effectively. China is predicted to reach peak carbon dioxide emissions of 110x10(8) t in 2030, but could potentially decrease to 22x10(8) t, 33x10(8) t, and 44x10(8) t by 2060 under various scenarios. To achieve carbon neutrality, implementing a new energy structure and promoting energy independence strategy are essential in China.