Synthesis of Tin(IV) Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Leaf Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Mentha spicata

Introduction Semiconducting oxide nanoparticles such as SnO2, TiO2, CuO, and NiO are receiving the greatest attention due to their multifunctional application in photocatalysis, gas sensing, and energy storage devices. Methodology In this contribution, we report the biosynthesis of tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles from tin chloride (SnCl2 center dot 2H(2)O) salt precursor using V. amygdalina (Grawa) and M. spicata (Spearmint) leaf extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Result The powder XRD analysis shows the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit tetragonal rutile crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 6.45 nm for V. amygdalina (sample 1) leaf extract, and 7.35 nm for M. spicata (sample 2) leaf extract. The morphology of the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles using V. amygdalina leaf extract (sample 1) was observed by SEM in different magnification powers to be nanorods. Conclusion The leaf extracts of V. amygdalina and M. spicata are suitable reducing and stabilizing agents for successful synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the successful biosynthesis of tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles using leaf extracts of V. amygdalina and M. spicata. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealing tetragonal rutile crystalline structure and nanorod morphology for samples synthesized with V. amygdalina leaf extract.