A review on the application of nanomaterials in improving microbial fuel cells

Materials at the nanoscale show exciting and different properties. In this review, the applications of nanomaterials for modifying the main components of microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems (i.e., electrodes and membranes) and their effect on cell performance are reviewed and critically discussed. Carbon and metal-based nanoparticles and conductive polymers could contribute to the growth of thick anodic and cathodic microbial biofilms, leading to enhanced electron transfer between the electrodes and the biofilm. Extending active surface area, increasing conductivity, and biocompatibility are among the significant attributes of promising nanomaterials used in MFC modifications. The application of nanomaterials in fabricating cathode catalysts (catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction) is also reviewed herein. Among the various nanocatalysts used on the cathode side, metalbased nanocatalysts such as metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as inexpensive and highperformance alternatives to the conventionally used high-cost Pt. In addition, polymeric membranes modified with hydrophilic and antibacterial nanoparticles could lead to higher proton conductivity and mitigated biofouling compared to the conventionally used and expensive Nafion. These improvements could lead to more promising cell performance in power generation, wastewater treatment, and nanobiosensing. Future research efforts should also take into account decreasing the production cost of the nanomaterials and the environmental safety aspects of these compounds. (C) 2021 BRTeam. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Nanomaterials exhibit promising advantages in microbial fuel cell systems, such as increasing surface area, enhancing conductivity, and improving biofilm formation. Metal-based nanocatalysts like metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks are considered as cost-effective and efficient alternatives, while polymeric membranes modified with nanoparticles can enhance proton conductivity and reduce biofouling.