期刊
RESEARCH ON AGING
卷 44, 期 5-6, 页码 369-381出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/01640275211026649
关键词
loneliness; gender; living arrangements; social isolation; perceived social support; COVID-19
类别
资金
- UMDNJ-SOM
- UMDNJ Foundation
- Rockefeller Foundation [2012_RLC 304]
- National Institute on Aging [R01 AG046463]
- Rowan University
- [1 HITEP 130008-01-00]
Loneliness in older people was found to be higher among those living alone, more socially isolated, and with less perceived support. Gender was also found to impact changes in loneliness during the pandemic, with women experiencing greater increases in loneliness compared to men, especially for those living alone. These findings suggest that interventions should be targeted towards older adults based on gender and living arrangements to address loneliness effectively.
Building on theory suggesting that loneliness is distinct from living arrangements, social isolation, and perceived social support, we examined change in loneliness for older people at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing 14-years of data with multilevel mixed-effects models, we found higher levels of loneliness among people living alone, people more socially isolated, and people with less perceived support. Gender affected changes in loneliness, controlling for social isolation, perceived support, living arrangements, age, education, income, health, and marital status. Women, whether living alone or with others, experienced increases in loneliness; women living alone reported the greatest increase in loneliness. Men living alone reported high levels of loneliness prior to the pandemic, but only a slight increase over time. These analyses, which demonstrate that loneliness changed at the onset of the pandemic as a function of gender and living arrangement identify older people most likely to benefit from intervention.
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