Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak

The research investigated the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) during the COVID-19 outbreak and identified the psychosocial risk factors among junior high school students in Taiwan. Cross-sectional design was applied and 1,060 participants (Mage = 14.66, SD = 0.86 years) were recruited into the study. The prevalence of NSSI was found to be 40.9% (95% confidence interval, 37.9%-43.9%) during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results suggested that the self-injurers group were mostly female, and scored significantly higher in neuroticism, depression, impulsivity, alexithymia, virtual social support, dissatisfaction with academic performance, and lower in subjective wellbeing, self-esteem, actual social support, and family function than the non-injurers group. In addition, high neuroticism, low self-esteem, high virtual social support, high impulsivity, and high alexithymia were independently predictive in the logistic regression analysis. The principal results of this study suggested that NSSI was extremely prevalent among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak, and in particularly, personality and virtual environment risk factors and enhancing self-esteem should be the focus of NSSI preventive strategies when targeting this age population. Our results provide a reference towards designing NSSI prevention programs geared toward the high school population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Automated summary

This research examined the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) during the COVID-19 outbreak among junior high school students in Taiwan and identified psychosocial risk factors. The study found that the prevalence of NSSI was 40.9% during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results indicated that self-injurers were mostly female and scored higher in neuroticism, depression, impulsivity, alexithymia, virtual social support, and dissatisfaction with academic performance, while scoring lower in subjective well-being, self-esteem, actual social support, and family function. The logistic regression analysis revealed that high neuroticism, low self-esteem, high virtual social support, high impulsivity, and high alexithymia were independent predictors of NSSI.