How R&D cooperation, R&D expenditures, public funds and R&D intensity affect green innovation?

Green innovation plays a substantial role in creating new products and services, as well as in reducing environmental impacts and promoting the efficient use of resources and materials. This study investigates the linkage between green innovation and research and development (R&D) practices inside and outside firms over time; it also explores types of external partners. The results show that internal and external R&D efforts enhance the activities of green innovation. However, the external partner is an important factor, whereas cooperation with competitors could help firms in general affairs not related to competition.

Automated summary

This study focuses on the relationship between green innovation and R&D practices, both internal and external, within firms. It found that both internal and external R&D efforts contribute to enhancing green innovation activities. Collaborating with competitors could also benefit firms in general affairs.