期刊
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
卷 113, 期 1, 页码 327-345出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12517
关键词
face matching; face recognition; kin detection; familiarity; variability
资金
- Keele University
Humans excel at recognizing familiar faces but struggle with unfamiliar ones. Research shows that familiarity with a sibling can improve kin detection and enhance accuracy in unfamiliar face matching, suggesting that pre-existing representations of familiar relations can benefit identity processing.
Humans are experts at familiar face recognition, but poor at unfamiliar face recognition. Familiarity is created when a face is encountered across varied conditions, but the way in which a person's appearance varies is identity-specific, so familiarity with one identity does not benefit recognition of other individuals. However, the faces of biological siblings share structural similarities, so we explored whether the benefits of familiarity are shared across siblings. Results show that familiarity with one half of a sibling pair improves kin detection (experiment 1), and that unfamiliar face matching is more accurate when targets are the siblings of familiar versus unfamiliar individuals (experiment 2). PCA applied to facial images of celebrities and their siblings demonstrates that faces are generally better reconstructed in the principal components of a same-sex sibling than those of an unrelated individual. When we encounter the unfamiliar sibling of someone we already know, our pre-existing representation of their familiar relation may usefully inform processing of the unfamiliar face. This can benefit both kin detection and identity processing, but the benefits are constrained by the degree to which facial variability is shared.
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