Migrants working for migrants: dependence and discourse in Chinese-owned small commercial businesses in South Africa

The nature of work and employment relations of small Chinese migrant businesses in South Africa remains largely under-researched, despite the significant growth of these businesses since the 2000s. Based on 90 interviews with Chinese business owners and their African workers, we found that, although employment relations were largely transactional and adversarial, they sometimes also incorporated symbiotic accommodations with third-country undocumented immigrant workers and pockets of de facto responsible autonomy. Material imbalances of power were notably alleviated through workers' superior local language skills and cultural familiarity, enabling them to carve out space as intermediaries with customers and other local stakeholders to counter the power of employers. However, this autonomy is relatively small in scope, in large part due to the precarious nature of the employment and the workers' immigration status.

Automated summary

Despite the lack of research, findings suggest that employment relations in small Chinese migrant businesses in South Africa are mainly transactional and adversarial, with occasional symbiotic accommodations with third-country undocumented immigrant workers and pockets of responsible autonomy. Material imbalances of power are somewhat alleviated by workers' local language skills and cultural familiarity, allowing them to act as intermediaries with clients and other stakeholders. However, this autonomy is limited due to the precarious nature of employment and workers' immigration status.