期刊
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
卷 92, 期 6, 页码 E1138-E1153出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13634
关键词
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资金
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [RO1-HD054805]
- Fogarty International Center [RO3-TW008141]
- Intramural Research Program of the NIH/NICHD, USA
- Centre for the Evaluation of Development Policies (EDePO) at the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London, UK - European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [695300-HKADeC-ERC-2015-AdG]
The study found that intergenerational parenting was beneficial for child flourishing in cultures where parental warmth levels were above average, and had a smaller negative impact on children in cultures where parental hostility, neglect, and rejection levels were lower. In contrast, single-generation parenting showed that parent warmth promoted child flourishing, while parent hostility, neglect, and rejection hindered child development, irrespective of parenting norms in different cultures.
Families from nine countries (N = 1,338) were interviewed annually seven times (M-age child = 7-15) to test specificity and commonality in parenting behaviors associated with child flourishing and moderation of associations by normativeness of parenting. Participants included 1,338 children (M = 8.59 years, SD = 0.68, range = 7-11 years; 50% girls), their mothers (N = 1,283, M = 37.04 years, SD = 6.51, range = 19-70 years), and their fathers (N = 1,170, M = 40.19 years, SD = 6.75, range = 22-76 years) at Wave 1 of 7 annual waves collected between 2008 and 2017. Families were recruited from 12 ethnocultural groups in nine countries including: Shanghai, China (n = 123); Medellin, Colombia (n = 108); Naples (n = 102) and Rome (n = 111), Italy; Zarqa, Jordan (n = 114); Kisumu, Kenya (n = 100); Manila, Philippines (n = 120); Trollhattan & Vanersborg, Sweden (n = 129); Chiang Mai, Thailand (n = 120); and Durham, NC, United States (n = 110 White, n = 102 Black, n = 99 Latinx). Intergenerational parenting (parenting passed from Generation 1 to Generation 2) demonstrated specificity. Children from cultures with above-average G2 parent warmth experienced the most benefit from the intergenerational transmission of warmth, whereas children from cultures with below-average G2 hostility, neglect, and rejection were best protected from deleterious intergenerational effects of parenting behaviors on flourishing. Single-generation parenting (Generation 2 parenting directly associated with Generation 3 flourishing) demonstrated commonality. Parent warmth promoted, and parent hostility, neglect, and rejection impeded the development of child flourishing largely regardless of parenting norms.
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