Understanding the Decision-Making Process Between Presenteeism and Absenteeism

Due to their impact on various stakeholder groups, research on the global phenomena of sickness presenteeism (working despite illness) and sickness absenteeism (absence due to illness) is constantly growing. Most studies focus on identifying factors associated with the attendance behaviors. In contrast, there have been few theoretical approaches to explain the individual decision-making process for or against working while ill. Moreover, their empirical verification is still pending. In the present study, we refer to expectancy theory to theoretically explain how the decision is made. To empirically test the model predictions we applied experimental vignette methodology in an online survey with working adults. The hypotheses were confirmed in that the calculated and predicted decisions significantly matched the intentionally chosen decisions. The results contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the decision-making process and provide starting points for interventions to manage attendance behavior in organizations.

Automated summary

Research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism is growing, but theoretical approaches to the individual decision-making process are lacking and empirical verification is pending. This study used expectancy theory to explain decision-making and confirmed hypotheses through an online survey with working adults, contributing to a better theoretical understanding of the decision-making process in organizations.