期刊
AGRICULTURE-BASEL
卷 11, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11080721
关键词
cover crop; dissolved inorganic nitrogen; nitrogen leaching; nitrogen efficiency
类别
资金
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), project: Enhancing Livelihood through Improving Water Use Efficiency Associated with Adaptation Strategies and Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture (ARCAL CLVIII) grant [RLA5077]
- FONDECYT Regular 2020 grant [1201497]
- Comunidad de Madrid, Spain [AGRISOST-CM S2018/BAA-4330]
- European Structural Funds
In the Mediterranean area of Chile, replacing traditional autumn-winter fallow with cover crops with optimal N dose has been found to improve N fertilizer efficiency and reduce nitrogen leaching. This strategy has positive advantages in soil and N management, helping to reduce diffuse pollution of surface and groundwater bodies.
Nitrogen (N) in a maize crop is a determining yield factor, but its negative impact on the environment is also known. Therefore, it is necessary to propose mitigation strategies that allow an improvement in the N fertilizer efficiency (NFE), such as the use of cover crops (CC) and the adjustment of the fertilizer dose. The objective of the study was to determine NFE using N-15 isotopic techniques and nitrate (NO3-) leaching in a maize-fallow versus a maize-CC rotation with optimal and excessive doses of N in the Mediterranean area of Chile. The treatments were a combination of crop rotation (maize-fallow versus maize-CC of Lolium multiflorum) with the optimal dose of N (250 kg ha(-1)) or excessive dose (400 kg ha(-1)). We found that the optimal dose of maize-CC rotation contributed to reducing the losses of N by leaching and improving the NFE. Using the optimal dose decreased the dissolved inorganic N (DIN) emission intensity by 50% compared to the excessive doses. Even if grain yield was higher (19 t ha(-1)) when applying the excessive N dose, the NFE (28%) was lower than when applying the optimal dose (40%). In the maize-CC rotation with optimal dose, yield was 17 Mg ha(-1). The excessive N dose generated higher DIN content at the end of the maize season (177 kg N ha(-1)). In conclusion, replacing the traditional autumn-winter fallow in the maize monoculture with a CC with optimal N dose contributed to improving NFE and reducing N leaching in a Mediterranean agricultural system. Consequently, it is a strategy to consider as it has positive advantages in soil and N management, helping to reduce diffuse pollution of surface and groundwater bodies.
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