期刊
MEMBRANES
卷 11, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060380
关键词
high-quality drinking water; nanofiltration; membrane fouling
类别
资金
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China [2016YFE0123700]
- Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2017ZX07201001]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [51708130]
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai , China
- School of the Environment and Municipal Administration, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou , China
The study shows that using sand filtration and ozone-biological activated carbon pre-treated water as feed water is an effective strategy to combat membrane fouling in nanofiltration, while ensuring high-quality drinking water.
Nanofiltration (NF) is a promising post-treatment technology for providing high-quality drinking water. However, membrane fouling remains a challenge to long-term NF in providing high-quality drinking water. Herein, we found that coupling pre-treatments (sand filtration (SF) and ozone-biological activated carbon (O-3-BAC)) and NF is a potent tactic against membrane fouling while achieving high-quality drinking water. The pilot results showed that using SF+O-3-BAC pre-treated water as the feed water resulted in a lower but a slowly rising transmembrane pressure (TMP) in NF post-treatment, whereas an opposite observation was found when using SF pre-treated water as the feed water. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy determined that the O-3-BAC process changed the characteristic of dissolved organic matter (DOM), probably by removing the DOM of lower apparent molecular weight (LMW) and decreasing the biodegradability of water. Moreover, amino acids and tyrosine-like substances which were significantly related to medium and small molecule organics were found as the key foulants to membrane fouling. In addition, the accumulation of powdered activated carbon in O-3-BAC pre-treated water on the membrane surface could be the key reason protecting the NF membrane from fouling.
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