4.6 Review

Recent Advances in Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Safety Concerns of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

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Sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyusrehd.) as a new natural source of bioactive dihydrochalcones with multiple health benefits

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Summary: Sweet tea, long consumed as herbal tea for diabetes prevention and management, is rich in bioactive compounds, especially the nonclassical flavonoids dihydrochalcones. Main dihydrochalcones in sweet tea, including phlorizin, phloretin, and trilobatin, exhibit various health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects with potential application in preventing and managing chronic diseases.

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The anticancer potential of the dietary polyphenol rutin: Current status, challenges, and perspectives

Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha et al.

Summary: Rutin is a common dietary polyphenol found in vegetables, fruits, and other plants. It exhibits a variety of bioactive properties and can act as an anticancer agent by suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis or autophagy, and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. Rutin can modulate multiple molecular targets involved in carcinogenesis.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2022)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Restorative effects of red onion (Allium cepa L.) juice on erectile function after-treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitor in rats

Didem Yilmaz-Oral et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of red onion juice on erectile dysfunction induced by 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride. The results showed that red onion juice could restore erectile function and enhance endothelium-dependent relaxation response in experimental animals.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH (2022)

Correction Oncology

Onion Extract Encapsulated on Nano Chitosan: A Promising Anticancer Agent (Jan, 10.1007/s12029-020-00561-2, 2021)

Abdulrahman Ali Alzandi et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER (2022)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Cinnamic acid derivatives from welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) and their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities

Behzad Zolfaghari et al.

Summary: Cinnamic acids, compounds based on phenyl propanoid backbone, were characterized through the phytochemical study of welsh onion, resulting in the isolation of several cinnamic acids including two new rare phenolic imidates. Structural identification using NMR allowed the compounds to be further tested for potential antibacterial and cytotoxic properties.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Study on degradation behaviour, residue distribution, and dietary risk assessment of propiconazole in celery and onion under field application

Aijuan Bai et al.

Summary: Propiconazole residue in celery and onion was rapidly degraded following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of propiconazole through celery or onion was negligible to consumers, as assessed by risk quotient values below 100%. This study provides valuable information for the reasonable usage of propiconazole and the establishment of maximum residue limits in China.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2021)

Article Fisheries

Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) in diets of Oreochromis niloticus: Growth improvement, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and disease resistance perspectives

Abdelgayed M. Younes et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the beneficial effects of dietary onion on growth, blood biochemical parameters, immune parameters, and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus. Onion supplementation resulted in improved weight gain, enhanced immune response, and increased resistance against pathogenic infection.

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Novel insights on the multi-functional properties of flavonol glucosides from red onion (Allium cepa L) solid waste - In vitro and in silico approach

Arti Nile et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that flavonol glucosides extracted from red onion solid waste showed significant antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and anticancer effects, suggesting their potential utility in therapeutic and functional food development.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effect of the polyphenol-rich extract from Allium cepa on hyperlipidemic sprague-dawley rats

Wenyi Li et al.

Summary: The study found that Allium cepa extract (ACE) reduced levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and MDA, while increasing HDL levels and SOD activity in hyperlipidemic rats. ACE also improved liver and aortic arch pathology, as well as increased LDL receptor expression in the liver. These findings suggest that ACE may be a potential non-statin lipid-lowering agent for hyperlipidemia.

JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

The effect of oven drying on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of white and red-skinned onion slices

Ahmad Mohammed Salamatullah et al.

Summary: The study found that drying white and red onions at high temperatures increased total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, with the most significant decrease in moisture content observed in red onions. Red onions had higher aromatic element content compared to white onions. Dried onion products are suitable for storage to prevent losses in flavor, color, and nutrients.

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Onion juice and extracts for the inhibition of enzymatic browning mechanisms in frozen Agaricus bisporus mushrooms

Emilia Bernas et al.

Summary: Onion products show potential as an alternative to sodium metabisulfite in inhibiting enzymatic browning of frozen Agaricus bisporus. Blaching with onion juice or extract of fleshy scale leaves is the most effective method in conserving the light color of mushroom fruiting bodies. Tunic extract, while least effective in inhibiting enzymatic activity, does increase total polyphenols and flavonoids.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2021)

Article Andrology

Ameliorative impacts of Allium cepa Linnaeus aqueous extract against testicular damage induced by dexamethasone

Mohamed A. Nassan et al.

Summary: Onion extract has a preventative effect against dexamethasone-induced testicular damage in rats, restoring antioxidant activity and hormone levels, regulating gene expression, and alleviating pathological changes.

ANDROLOGIA (2021)

Review Food Science & Technology

State-of-the-art review of dark tea: From chemistry to health benefits

Fang-Jun Lin et al.

Summary: Dark tea is a post-fermented tea with unique organoleptic characteristics. The microbial fermentation process and main bioactive compounds play important roles in its quality and health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer activities, among others. Future studies on the health mechanisms and potential applications of dark tea in various industries are needed.

TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Onion (Allium cepa L.)-Derived Nanoparticles Inhibited LPS-Induced Nitrate Production, However, Their Intracellular Incorporation by Endocytosis Was Not Involved in This Effect on RAW264 Cells

Masao Yamasaki et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of nanoparticles derived from Allium cepa L. The nanoparticles were found to inhibit nitric oxide production in a cell model without cytotoxic effects, and their cellular uptake was confirmed through microscopy. Overall, the nanoparticles were able to inhibit the LPS response via extracellular mechanisms, suggesting a potential efficient anti-inflammatory effect with consumption of Allium cepa L. without disrupting the nanoparticles.

MOLECULES (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Influence of Cooking Methods on Onion Phenolic Compounds Bioaccessibility

Alice Cattivelli et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the impact of domestic cooking and in vitro digestion on the stability and release of phenolic compounds from yellow-skinned and red-skinned onions. It was found that red-skinned onions contain almost double the amount of phenolic compounds compared to yellow-skinned onions. Baking, grilling, and frying increased the amount of total phenolic compounds in both onion varieties, particularly quercetin-derivatives.
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Spiraeoside extracted from red onion skin ameliorates apoptosis and exerts potent antitumor, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects

Arti Nile et al.

Summary: The study analyzed the red onion skin waste (ROSW) for the naturally occurring 4 '-O-glucoside of quercetin, spiraeoside (SPI), which showed promising biological activities. The ethanol extract of ROSW and SPI exhibited significant radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities by inhibiting cell growth and promoting apoptosis. Notably, SPI also inhibited the expression of molecules involved in apoptotic signaling, showing novel insights into its potential as an anticancer agent.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extract effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Shuai Yu et al.

Summary: Onion peel extract has potential anti-obesity effects by reducing lipid accumulation, lowering blood lipid levels, and decreasing body weight. Further research is needed to develop natural anti-obesity foods and supplements based on onion peel extract.

FOOD BIOSCIENCE (2021)

Article Toxicology

Antioxidant and the ameliorating effect of Allium cepa (Onion) fortified feed against potassium bromate induced oxidative damage in Wistar rats

C. O. Nwonuma et al.

Summary: Fortifying feed with pulverized Allium cepa may reduce oxidative damage caused by potassium bromate and improve biochemical and histological parameters in rats.

TOXICOLOGY REPORTS (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Investigation of the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract and onion powder in diabetic rats

Sara Masood et al.

Summary: This study revealed that wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract and onion powder can effectively lower blood glucose levels and oxidative stress indicators in diabetic rats, while also improving body weight and antioxidant enzyme activities.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND METABOLIC DISORDERS (2021)

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Allium Cepa (Onion) Extract Enhances and Protects Testicular Function and Architecture against Paraquat Induced Oxidative Damage

Uzozie Chikere Ofoego et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of ethanolic extract of Allium cepa bulbs against paraquat-induced testicular toxicity in animal models, showing significant improvements in sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels.

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Onion and Garlic Intake and Breast Cancer, a Case-Control Study in Puerto Rico

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A minireview of quercetin: from its metabolism to possible mechanisms of its biological activities

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Sulfur bentonite-organic-based fertilizers as tool for improving bio-compounds with antioxidant activities in red onion

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Persistence and dissipation kinetics of tebuconazole in apple, tomato, chilli and onion crops of Himachal Pradesh, India

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2020)

Article Education, Scientific Disciplines

Ameliorative Potential of Allium cepa Lam. Leaves on Diabetes Induced and Chronic Constriction Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain in Experimental Rats

Dureshahwar Khan et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (2020)

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Health Benefits of the Flavonoids from Onion: Constituents and Their Pronounced Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Capacities

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Risk assessment of heavy metal toxicity by sensitive biomarker δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) for onion plants cultivated in polluted areas in Kosovo

Bekim Gashi et al.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES (2020)

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Quantification of flavonoids, total phenols and antioxidant properties of onion skin: a comparative study of fifteen Indian cultivars

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Enhanced Yield of Bioactivities from Onion (Allium cepa L.) Skin and Their Antioxidant and Anti-α-Amylase Activities

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Environmental and edaphic factors affecting soil cadmium uptake by spinach, potatoes, onion and wheat

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Mitigating Cadmium Accumulation in Spinach and Onions by the Application of Silicon Fertilizer to Soil

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Gel Potential of Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Ethanol Extract as Antifungal Cause Tinea Pedis

Erza Genatrika et al.

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Protocatechuic acid and quercetin glucosides in onions attenuate changes induced by high fat diet in rats

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Allium cepa and its in vitro antidiabetic activity

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Traditional and modern uses of onion bulb (Allium cepa L.): a systematic review

Joaheer D. Teshika et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2019)

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Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidative Potentials of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Extract Fermented with a Novel Lactobacillus casei HD-010

Woong-Suk Yang et al.

EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (2019)

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Onion (Allium cepa L.) is potentially a good source of important antioxidants

Jiwan S. Sidhu et al.

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Biochemical, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of different onion varieties in the Mediterranean area

Liguori Loredana et al.

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Biosynthesis and characterization of graphene by using non-toxic reducing agent from Allium Cepa extract: Anti-bacterial properties

P. Noorunnisa Khanam et al.

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Effect of Quercetin Rich Onion Extracts on Bacterial Quorum Sensing

B. X. Quecan et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Cadmium uptake by onions, lettuce and spinach in New Zealand: Implications for management to meet regulatory limits

Jo-Anne E. Cavanagh et al.

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Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Qian-Qian Mao et al.

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Ao Shang et al.

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Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment

Yahya Asemani et al.

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Wild edible onions - Allium flavum and Allium carinatum - successfully prevent adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin

Pavic Aleksandar et al.

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Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Lacto- and Natural Fermented Onion Cultivars

Reyhaneh Ravanbakhshian et al.

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Article Biology

Antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of total polyphenols from onion

Hui Ouyang et al.

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Red onion scales ameliorated streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats in relation to their metabolite fingerprint

Tarek Kamal Abouzed et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2018)

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Assessment, mapping, and management of health risk from nitrate accumulation in onion for Iranian population

S. Haftbaradaran et al.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from onion (Allium cepa L.)

Yi-Long Ma et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Calorie Restriction Effect of Heat-Processed Onion Extract (ONI) Using In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Models

Yu-Ri Kang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Onion quercetin monoglycosides alter microbial activity and increase antioxidant capacity

Katarzyna Grzelak-Blaszczyk et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2018)

Article Food Science & Technology

Changes in Quercetin Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Quercetin-Rich Onion Cultivar 'Quer-Gold' During Cooking

Jun Watanabe et al.

JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI (2018)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

The Effect of Allium cepa Extract on Lung Oxidant, Antioxidant, and Immunological Biomarkers in Ovalbumin- Sensitized Rats

N. Marefati et al.

MEDICAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE (2018)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Anti-obesity and Hypolipidemic effects of garlic oil and onion oil in rats fed a high-fat diet

Chao Yang et al.

NUTRITION & METABOLISM (2018)

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Investigating the Effects of Onion Juice on Male Fertility Factors and Pregnancy Rate After Testicular Torsion/Detorsion by Intrauterine Insemination Method

Majid Shokoohi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH AND REPRODUCTION SCIENCES (2018)

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Inhibition of Enzymatic Browning by Onion (Allium cepa L.): Investigation on Inhibitory Mechanism and Identification of Active Compounds

Tatty Yuniarti et al.

CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE (2018)

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The Effects of Onion Consumption on Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Hadi Emamat et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2018)

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Interaction of Quercetin of Onion with Axon Guidance Protein Receptor, NRP-1 Plays Important Role in Cancer Treatment: An In Silico Approach

Tahirah Yasmin et al.

INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-COMPUTATIONAL LIFE SCIENCES (2017)

Article Food Science & Technology

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THE ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST ASPERGILLUS, FUSARIUM AND PENICILLIUM SPECIES ISOLATED FROM FOOD

Suncica Kocic-Tanackov et al.

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION (2017)

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Antioxidant Activity, Technological and Rheological Properties of Baked Rolls Containing Dried Onions (Allium cepa L.)

Monika Michalak-Majewska et al.

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION (2017)

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Combination of Cymbopogon citratus and Allium cepa essential oils increased antibacterial activity in leafy vegetables

Luis A. Ortega-Ramirez et al.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2017)

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8-C-(E-phenylethenyl)quercetin from onion/beef soup induces autophagic cell death in colon cancer cells through ERK activation

Yueliang Zhao et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2017)

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Microbial decontamination of onion powder using microwave-powered cold plasma treatments

Jung Eun Kim et al.

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

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Antiproliferative activity of Ontario grown onions against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells

Abdulmonem I. Murayyan et al.

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2017)

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Metabolomic Fingerprinting in the Comprehensive Study of Liver Changes Associated with Onion Supplementation in Hypercholesterolemic Wistar Rats

Diana Gonzalez-Pena et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

Article Anatomy & Morphology

Protective Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) Seeds (AC) Extract on Histopathology of Testis in STZ-Induced Male Rats

Vajihe Fallah et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY (2017)

Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Productive performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets supplemented with garlic and onion extracts

K. Damaziak et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH (2017)

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Quercetin, a functional compound of onion peel, remodels white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes

Sang Gil Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2017)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Evaluation of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in two onion varieties grown under organic and conventional production systems

Feiyue Ren et al.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2017)

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Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of germinated edible seeds and sprouts: An updated review

Ren-You Gan et al.

TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Food Science & Technology

Antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Ontario grown onion varieties using pressurized low polarity water technology

Cynthya Maria Manohar et al.

JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS (2017)

Article Food Science & Technology

Physicochemical properties and in vitro antidiabetic potential of fibre concentrates from onion by-products

Vanesa Benitez et al.

JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS (2017)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Quercetin and Quercetin-Rich Red Onion Extract Alter Pgc-1α Promoter Methylation and Splice Variant Expression

Prasad P. Devarshi et al.

PPAR RESEARCH (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of dietary onion in modifying the faecal bile acid content in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

Diana Gonzalez-Pena et al.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2017)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Side Effects of Pyrethroid and Supporting Role of Onion in the Male Rat's Spermatogenesis

Arash Khaki et al.

CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (2017)

Review Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Status and trends of nutraceuticals from onion and onion by-products: A critical review

Muhammad Sajid Arshad et al.

COGENT FOOD & AGRICULTURE (2017)

Article Food Science & Technology

Effect of sprouting on physicochemical, antioxidant and flavonoid profile of onion varieties

Ishrat Majid et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Food Science & Technology

Allium vegetables and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Valentina Guercio et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2016)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Cardioprotective Efficacy of Red Wine Extract of Onion in Healthy Hypercholesterolemic Subjects

Hui-Fang Chiu et al.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2016)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by onion peel extract: Synthesis, characterization and biological activities

Jayanta Kumar Patra et al.

ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Drip vs. Furrow Irrigation in the Delivery of Escherichia coli to Onions

APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE (2016)

Article Environmental Sciences

Occupational exposure to mould and microbial metabolites during onion sorting-insights into an overlooked workplace

Stefan Mayer et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT (2016)

Article Environmental Sciences

Residue decline and risk assessment of fluopyram plus tebuconazole (400SC) in/on onion (Allium cepa)

Badal V. Patel et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2016)

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Transfer of Listeria monocytogenes during mechanical slicing of onions

Andrew M. Scollon et al.

FOOD CONTROL (2016)

Article Food Science & Technology

Change in organosulfur compounds in onion (Allium cepa L.) during heat treatment

Sunyoung Kim et al.

FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Food Science & Technology

Hypocholesterolemic effect of quercetin-rich onion peel extract in C57BL/6J mice fed with high cholesterol diet

Hyun-Ju Kang et al.

FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Flavonol Glucoside and Antioxidant Enzyme Biosynthesis Affected by Mycorrhizal Fungi in Various Cultivars of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Mohanna Mollavali et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2016)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Protective effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Rafet Mete et al.

TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH (2016)

Article Food Science & Technology

Allium vegetable intake and gastric cancer: A case-control study and meta-analysis

Federica Turati et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antifungal saponins from bulbs of white onion, Allium cepa L.

Virginia Lanzotti et al.

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