On-target IgG hexamerisation driven by a C-terminal IgM tail-piece fusion variant confers augmented complement activation

Sopp et al describe an approach, which exploits the tailpiece of the naturally multimeric IgM to augment hexamerisation of IgG. Their approach provides a newly engineered format of antibodies for promoting hexamerisation and enhanced complement-dependent cytotoxicity only when cell surface bound. The majority of depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs elicit responses via Fc-Fc gamma R and Fc-C1q interactions. Optimal C1q interaction is achieved through hexameric Fc:Fc interactions at the target cell surface. Herein is described an approach to exploit the tailpiece of the naturally multimeric IgM to augment hexamerisation of IgG. Fusion of the C-terminal tailpiece of IgM promoted spontaneous hIgG hexamer formation, resulting in enhanced C1q recruitment and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) but with off-target complement activation and reduced in-vivo efficacy. Mutation of the penultimate tailpiece cysteine to serine (C575S) ablated spontaneous hexamer formation, but facilitated reversible hexamer formation after concentration in solution. C575S mutant tailpiece antibodies displayed increased complement activity only after target binding, in-line with the concept of 'on-target hexamerisation', whilst retaining efficient in-vivo efficacy and augmented target cell killing in the lymph node. Hence, C575S-tailpiece technology represents an alternative format for promoting on-target hexamerisation and enhanced CDC.

Automated summary

The study describes a method that enhances hexamerisation of IgG by exploiting the tailpiece of naturally multimeric IgM, resulting in a newly designed antibody format for promoting hexamerisation and enhanced complement-dependent cytotoxicity when bound to the cell surface. This C575S-tailpiece technology represents an alternative format for promoting on-target hexamerisation and enhanced CDC, maintaining efficient in-vivo efficacy and augmented target cell killing in the lymph node.