期刊
BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH
卷 6, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005798
关键词
health economics
资金
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Primary healthcare (PHC) expenditures increased in low-income and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017, with a plateau in low-income countries after 2014. An increase in the fraction of health expenditures on PHC was associated with improvements in maternal and child health outcomes, but not with reductions in mortality or disease burdens for other causes, such as non-communicable diseases. It is important for policy-makers and health professionals to adapt primary healthcare to address emerging health challenges.
Introduction As the world responds to COVID-19 and aims for the Sustainable Development Goals, the potential for primary healthcare (PHC) is substantial, although the trends and effectiveness of PHC expenditure are unknown. We estimate PHC expenditure for each low-income and middle-income country between 2000 and 2017 and test which health outputs and outcomes were associated with PHC expenditure. Methods We used three data sources to estimate PHC expenditures: recently published health expenditure estimates for each low-income and middle-income country, which were constructed using 1662 country-reported National Health Accounts; proprietary data from IQVIA to estimate expenditure of prescribed pharmaceuticals for PHC; and household surveys and costing estimates to estimate inpatient vaginal delivery expenditures. We employed regression analyses to measure the association between PHC expenditures and 15 health outcomes and intermediate health outputs. Results PHC expenditures in low-income and middle-income countries increased between 2000 and 2017, from $41 per capita (95% uncertainty interval $33-$49) to $90 ($73-$105). Expenditures for low-income countries plateaued since 2014 at $17 per capita ($15-$19). As national income increased, the proportion of health expenditures on PHC generally decrease; however, the fraction of PHC expenditures spent via ambulatory care providers grew. Increases in the fraction of health expenditures on PHC was associated with lower maternal mortality rate (p value <= 0.001), improved coverage of antenatal care visits (p value <= 0.001), measles vaccination (p value <= 0.001) and an increase in the Health Access and Quality index (p value <= 0.05). PHC expenditure was not systematically associated with all-age mortality, communicable and non-communicable disease (NCD) burden. Conclusion PHC expenditures were associated with maternal and child health but were not associated with reduction in health burden for other key causes of disability, such as NCDs. To combat changing disease burdens, policy-makers and health professionals need to adapt primary healthcare to ensure continued impact on emerging health challenges.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据