4.7 Article

Development of humoral and cellular immunological memory against SARS-CoV-2 despite B cell depleting treatment in multiple sclerosis

期刊

ISCIENCE
卷 24, 期 9, 页码 -

出版社

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103078

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资金

  1. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Award [MS-1511-33196]
  2. Swedish Medical Research council [2017-03054]
  3. Swedish Brain Foundation, NEURO Sweden
  4. Region Stockholm
  5. Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation
  6. Erling-Persson family foundation
  7. Petrus och Augusta Hedlunds Stiftelse
  8. Swedish Research Council [2017-03054] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council

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Research showed that almost all seropositive patients and 17.9% of seronegative patients on B cell depleting therapies developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory, with functional similarity to controls. Following vaccination, vaccine-specific humoral memory was impaired, but all patients developed a specific T cell response.
B cell depleting therapies (BCDTs) are widely used as immunomodulating agents for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Their possible impact on development of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised concerns with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We here evaluated the frequency of COVID-19-like symptoms and determined immunological responses in participants of an observational trial comprising several multiple sclerosis disease modulatory drugs (COMBAT-MS; NCT03193866) and in eleven patients after vaccination, with a focus on BCDT. Almost all seropositive and 17.9% of seronegative patients on BCDT, enriched for a history of COVID-19-like symptoms, developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory, and T cells displayed functional similarity to controls producing IFN-gamma and TNF. Following vaccination, vaccine-specific humoral memory was impaired, while all patients developed a specific T cell response. These results indicate that BCDTs do not abrogate SARS-CoV-2 cellular memory and provide a possible explanation as to why the majority of patients on BCDTs recover from COVID-19.

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