期刊
JOURNAL OF FUNGI
卷 7, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jof7080629
关键词
Trichophyton; dermatophytosis; cutaneous infection; fungal-host interaction; virulence traits; transcription factor; resistance mechanisms; keratin degradation
资金
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP [2019/22596-9, 2018/11319-1, 2015/23435-8]
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq [305797/2017-4, 304989/2017-7]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPES [001]
- Fundacao de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistencia-FAEPA
The burden of fungal infections is underestimated, with around one billion people affected by severe fungal diseases. Nail and skin mycoses are the most common, with Trichophyton rubrum being the main causative agent. Treatment outcomes are influenced by resistance and tolerance factors.
The burden of fungal infections is not widely appreciated. Although these infections are responsible for over one million deaths annually, it is estimated that one billion people are affected by severe fungal diseases. Mycoses of nails and skin, primarily caused by fungi known as dermatophytes, are the most common fungal infections. Trichophyton rubrum appears to be the most common causative agent of dermatophytosis, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale. An estimated 25% of the world's population suffers from dermatomycosis. Although these infections are not lethal, they compromise the quality of life of infected patients. The outcome of antidermatophytic treatments is impaired by various conditions, such as resistance and tolerance of certain dermatophyte strains. The adage know your enemy must be the focus of fungal research. There is an urgent need to increase awareness about the significance of these infections with precise epidemiological data and to improve knowledge regarding fungal biology and pathogenesis, with an emphasis on adaptive mechanisms to tackle adverse conditions from host counteractions. This review outlines the current knowledge about dermatophyte infections, with a focus on signaling pathways required for fungal infection establishment and a broad perspective on cellular and molecular factors involved in antifungal resistance and tolerance.
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