期刊
BIOMEDICINES
卷 9, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060584
关键词
antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; natural photosensitizers; natural extracts; antibiotic resistance; model organisms; biophotonics; light; curcumin
资金
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology [2E31311]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2E31310] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is constantly evolving as an effective method to combat antimicrobial resistance, utilizing reactive oxygen species produced by photosensitizers to destroy microorganisms. Research is ongoing to investigate various photosensitizers and explore new methods to enhance the properties of APDT.
Health problems and reduced treatment effectiveness due to antimicrobial resistance have become important global problems and are important factors that negatively affect life expectancy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is constantly evolving and can minimize this antimicrobial resistance problem. Reactive oxygen species produced when nontoxic photosensitizers are exposed to light are the main functional components of APDT responsible for microbial destruction; therefore, APDT has a broad spectrum of target pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Various photosensitizers, including natural extracts, compounds, and their synthetic derivatives, are being investigated. The main limitations, such as weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, solubility, specificity, and cost, encourage the exploration of new photosensitizer candidates. Many additional methods, such as cell surface engineering, cotreatment with membrane-damaging agents, nanotechnology, computational simulation, and sonodynamic therapy, are also being investigated to develop novel APDT methods with improved properties. In this review, we summarize APDT research, focusing on natural photosensitizers used in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In addition, we describe the limitations observed for natural photosensitizers and the methods developed to counter those limitations with emerging technologies.
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