Deep Fractional Max Pooling Neural Network for COVID-19 Recognition

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a form of disease triggered by a new strain of coronavirus. This paper proposes a novel model termed deep fractional max pooling neural network (DFMPNN) to diagnose COVID-19 more efficiently. Methods: This 12-layer DFMPNN replaces max pooling (MP) and average pooling (AP) in ordinary neural networks with the help of a novel pooling method called fractional max-pooling (FMP). In addition, multiple-way data augmentation (DA) is employed to reduce overfitting. Model averaging (MA) is used to reduce randomness. Results: We ran our algorithm on a four-category dataset that contained COVID-19, community-acquired pneumonia, secondary pulmonary tuberculosis (SPT), and healthy control (HC). The 10 runs on the test set show that the micro-averaged F1 (MAF) score of our DFMPNN is 95.88%. Discussions: This proposed DFMPNN is superior to 10 state-of-the-art models. Besides, FMP outperforms traditional MP, AP, and L2-norm pooling (L2P).

Automated summary

This paper introduces a new model called DFMPNN to diagnose COVID-19 more efficiently, achieving a micro-averaged F1 score of 95.88% through techniques such as fractional max-pooling, multiple-way data augmentation, and model averaging. Experimental results show that DFMPNN outperforms 10 state-of-the-art models in disease diagnosis.