期刊
GONDWANA RESEARCH
卷 29, 期 1, 页码 60-82出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2015.07.001
关键词
Rare metals; Coal deposits; Forms of mineralization; Mantle plume; East Asia
资金
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2014CB238902]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41420104001, 41272182]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT13099]
- Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) under Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.594.21.0006]
Metalliferous coal deposits, mainly hosting Zr(Hf)-Nb(Ta)-REE and U(Mo,Se)-REE ores, in East Asia (Primorye of Russia and South China) primarily result from the evolution of plumes ascending from deep mantle and/or asthenospheric flows, both of which incorporate some reworking of the continental crust. This mantle-crust interaction not only led to coal-basin formation but also played a significant role in extensive volcanism and ore-generating hydrothermal activity. Three mineralization styles are identified in these deposits: tuffaceous, hydrothermal-fluid, and mixed tuffaceous-hydrothermal types. The tuffaceous Zr(Hf)-Nb(Ta)-REE deposits have source magmas with an alkali basalt composition, although felsic, mafic, and intermediate types of tuffaceous horizons have been identified in the study area. The mineralization occurred not only in the coal but also in the host rocks, and not only during peat accumulation but also during the later stages of coal development (including coalification and late epigenetic processes). Rare metals in the metalliferous coal deposits are generally either associated with clay and organic matter or occur as secondary minerals derived from decomposition of the primary magmatic rare-metal bearing minerals (e.g. Nb-bearing rutile) under the influence of organic acids and hydrothermal fluids. (C) 2015 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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