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Why Is the Alpine Flora Comparatively Robust against Climatic Warming?

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Climate-driven range shifts reduce persistence of competitors in a perennial plant community

Jacob Usinowicz et al.

Summary: The study investigated the impact of climate change on alpine plant persistence by combining experimental data with a theoretical framework. Predictions suggest that while warmer and wetter conditions may increase growth rates, overlapping competition will negate these benefits. The research highlights the intricate pathways through which climate change affects species' persistence and emphasizes the importance of considering low-density growth rates in understanding these impacts.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Ecology

Post-glacial determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands

Borja Jimenez-Alfaro et al.

Summary: The study investigated major determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands in European mountains below 50 degrees N between 1928 and 2019, finding that the number of alpine species is influenced by area, bedrock type, topographic heterogeneity, and regional isolation, while non-alpines are more affected by connectivity and climate.

GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Flower preformation in the nival plant Ranunculus glacialis L.: shoot architecture and impact of the growing season length on floral morphogenesis and developmental dynamics

Stephanie Mauracher et al.

Summary: The study investigated the synchronization of floral development with reproductive phenophases in arctic-alpine species, finding that snowmelt dates impact flower size and the number of lateral flowers within inflorescences. Belowground floral preformation is closely linked to aboveground reproductive processes and may provide an advantage in the harsh high-mountain environment.

ALPINE BOTANY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

A common soil temperature threshold for the upper limit of alpine grasslands in European mountains

Sarah Burli et al.

Summary: This study proposes the concept of a "grassline" as a climatic definition similar to the treeline, based on growing season length and soil temperature. Research shows that the upper limit of closed grasslands, or the grassline, has a mean soil temperature close to that observed at the treeline and aligns with physiological thresholds to growth in vascular plants. Unlike trees, small-stature alpine plants benefit from soil warmed by solar radiation and are able to grow at higher elevations.

ALPINE BOTANY (2021)

Article Biology

Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps

Yann Vitasse et al.

Summary: In the European Alps, increasing temperatures have led to glacier retreat and changes in the distribution of plants, animals and fungi. Spring phenology has shifted earlier and distribution ranges have moved upslope, with various taxonomic groups showing different rates of change. The overall upward shift in species distribution appears to be too slow to keep pace with the rate of climate warming, potentially leading to phenological and spatial mismatches in ecosystems.

BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Past and future snowmelt trends in the Swiss Alps: the role of temperature and snowpack

Maria Vorkauf et al.

Summary: The study suggests that the start of the growing season for alpine plants is mainly determined by the date of snowmelt, which is influenced by spring air temperatures and winter snow depth. Under high emission scenarios in the future, snowmelt dates are projected to advance further, potentially extending the alpine growing season while also posing risks of shorter daylengths and freezing damage.

CLIMATIC CHANGE (2021)

Article Ecology

Drivers of local extinction risk in alpine plants under warming climate

Hanna A. Nomoto et al.

Summary: The scarcity of local plant extinctions following recent climate change can be explained by a combination of demographic inertia and lags in novel species establishment, particularly important for some species under low levels of warming.

ECOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Ecology

Global patterns and drivers of alpine plant species richness

Riccardo Testolin et al.

Summary: The study assesses global patterns of plant species richness in alpine ecosystems, finding peak regional richness near the equator and mid-latitudes, influenced by alpine area, isolation, and soil pH variation. Community richness peaks in mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, linked to macroclimate, historical factors, and other spatially structured factors. These results emphasize hotspots of species richness at mid-latitudes, suggesting the diversity of alpine plants is related to regional idiosyncrasies and historical prevalence.

GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Flowering phenology in alpine grassland strongly responds to shifts in snowmelt but weakly to summer drought

Maria Vorkauf et al.

Summary: The study found that flowering phenology of alpine plants is mainly influenced by snowmelt dates and photoperiod under climate change. The plants in alpine grasslands can be divided into two types, one primarily tracking snowmelt dates, and the other mainly controlled by photoperiod. Photoperiod affects flowering time by modulating temperature sums at flowering.

ALPINE BOTANY (2021)

Article Ecology

Evolutionary assembly of flowering plants into sky islands

Hong Qian et al.

Summary: The study found that each of the alpine floras worldwide represents an assemblage of more closely related species compared with their regional floras. Temperate alpine floras are phylogenetically closely related subsets of floras that colonized cold temperate areas during interglacial periods, while the phylogenetic clustering of species in tropical alpine floras exceeds that in temperate mountains.

NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2021)

Letter Biodiversity Conservation

'Fading of the temperature-growth coupling' in treeline trees reflects a conceptual bias

Christian Korner

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Ecology

Biomass allocation and seasonal non-structural carbohydrate dynamics do not explain the success of tall forbs in short alpine grassland

Erika Hiltbrunner et al.

Summary: The majority of alpine plants are small in stature but a few taller species exist. Through a comparison of four pairs of phylogenetically related small and tall plants in alpine grasslands, it was found that there is no significant difference in biomass allocation and carbon relations between tall and small plants.

OECOLOGIA (2021)

Review Ecology

The cold range limit of trees

Christian Korner

Summary: High elevation or latitude lead to tree reaching low-temperature limits, with individual species having their own range limits based on freezing tolerance and overall tree life-form being constrained by thermal growth limits. The treeline defines the cold edge of the fundamental niche, serving as an important bioclimatological reference line, and the absence of trees at the treeline can be attributed to disturbances or biotic interactions. The actual local edge of tree distribution, driven by stochastic effects, is tied to the fundamental niche concept and is crucial in treeline theory and hypothesis testing.

TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2021)

Article Ecology

Thermal niche predictors of alpine plant species

Joerg Loeffler et al.

ECOLOGY (2020)

Article Plant Sciences

Alpine plant growth and reproduction dynamics in a warmer world

Jiri Dolezal et al.

NEW PHYTOLOGIST (2020)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Shifting aspect or elevation? The climate change response of ectotherms in a complex mountain topography

Stephan Feldmeier et al.

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Novel trophic interactions under climate change promote alpine plant coexistence

Patrice Descombes et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Plant Sciences

Life at 0 °C: the biology of the alpine snowbed plant Soldanella pusilla

Christian Korner et al.

ALPINE BOTANY (2019)

Article Ecology

Origins of global mountain plant biodiversity: Testing the 'mountain-geobiodiversity hypothesis'

Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Extinction debts and colonization credits of non-forest plants in the European Alps

Sabine B. Rumpf et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Review Plant Sciences

The 90 ways to describe plant temperature

Christian Korner et al.

PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Range dynamics of mountain plants decrease with elevation

Sabine B. Rumpf et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming

Manuel J. Steinbauer et al.

NATURE (2018)

Article Plant Sciences

A global inventory of mountains for bio-geographical applications

Christian Korner et al.

ALPINE BOTANY (2017)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Estimating the normal background rate of species extinction

Jurriaan M. De Vos et al.

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Plant Sciences

A climate-based model to predict potential treeline position around the globe

Jens Paulsen et al.

ALPINE BOTANY (2014)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Mountain ecosystems in a changing environment

Christian Koerner

ECO MONT-JOURNAL ON PROTECTED MOUNTAIN AREAS RESEARCH (2014)

Article Plant Sciences

DISEQUILIBRIUM VEGETATION DYNAMICS UNDER FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE

Jens-Christian Svenning et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY (2013)

Article Biology

Phenological response of tundra plants to background climate variation tested using the International Tundra Experiment

S. F. Oberbauer et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2013)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

No growth stimulation by CO2 enrichment in alpine glacier forefield plants

Nicole Inauen et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2012)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

AFLP markers reveal high clonal diversity and extreme longevity in four key arctic-alpine species

Lucienne C. de Witte et al.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2012)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Recent Plant Diversity Changes on Europe's Mountain Summits

Harald Pauli et al.

SCIENCE (2012)

Article Environmental Sciences

Extinction debt of high-mountain plants under twenty-first-century climate change

Stefan Dullinger et al.

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (2012)

Article Biophysics

Elevational species shifts in a warmer climate are overestimated when based on weather station data

Daniel Scherrer et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY (2011)

Article Plant Sciences

Using historical plant surveys to track biodiversity on mountain summits

Veronika Stoeckli et al.

PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY (2011)

Article Plant Sciences

Survival types of high mountain plants under extreme temperatures

Walter Larcher et al.

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Infra-red thermometry of alpine landscapes challenges climatic warming projections

Daniel Scherrer et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2010)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Climate change and plant distribution: local models predict high-elevation persistence

Christophe F. Randin et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2009)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Low impact of climate change on subalpine grasslands in the Swiss Northern Alps

Pascal Vittoz et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2009)

Article Plant Sciences

Postglacial recolonisation of plants in the western Alps of Switzerland

Christian Parisod

BOTANICA HELVETICA (2008)

Review Ecology

The use of 'altitude' in ecological research

Christian Koerner

TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2007)

Article Ecology

Are niche-based species distribution models transferable in space?

Christophe F. Randin et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY (2006)

Article Environmental Sciences

Inorganic nitrogen storage in alpine snow pack in the Central Alps (Switzerland)

E Hiltbrunner et al.

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (2005)

Article Evolutionary Biology

Glacial history of high alpine Ranunculus glacialis (Ranunculaceae) in the European Alps in a comparative phylogeographical context

P Schönswetter et al.

BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY (2004)

Article Geography, Physical

Holocene tree immigration and the chironomid fauna of a small Swiss subalpine lake (Hinterburgsee, 1515 m asl)

O Heiri et al.

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY (2003)