期刊
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
卷 8, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688060
关键词
macrophages; cytokines; kidney disease; CCL18; inflammation; CCL8
资金
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- Fondos FEDER European Union [PI17/00119, PI17/01495, PI18/00718, PI19/0588, PI20/00140, PI20/00487, DTS20/00083, RTC-2017-6089-1, DTS19/00093]
- CIBERDEM
- NOVELREN-CM: Enfermedad renal cronica: nuevas Estrategias para la prevencion, Diagnostico y tratamiento
- Convocatoria Dinamizacion Europa Investigacion 2019 MINECO [B2017/BMD-3751, CIFRA2-CM B2017/BMD3686, IJC2018-035187-I]
- Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion del Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) [IJC2018-035187-I]
- Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant of the European Union's Horizon 2020 [812699]
- Red de Investigacion Renal [REDINREN: RD16/0009]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [812699] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
Inflammation plays a crucial role in kidney disease, with immune cells contributing to both repair and progression depending on the stage of injury. The plasticity and complexity of immune cells pose challenges in translating findings from mouse models to human renal diseases.
Inflammation is a key characteristic of kidney disease, but this immune response is two-faced. In the acute phase of kidney injury, there is an activation of the immune cells to fight against the insult, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration. However, in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immune cells that infiltrate the kidney play a deleterious role, actively participating in disease progression, and contributing to nephron loss and fibrosis. Importantly, CKD is a chronic inflammatory disease. In early CKD stages, patients present sub-clinical inflammation, activation of immune circulating cells and therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed as a common therapeutic target for renal diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the plasticity of immune cells and the complexity of their functions. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages play an important role in all steps of kidney injury. However, the phenotype characterization between human and mice immune cells showed different markers; therefore the extrapolation of experimental studies in mice could not reflect human renal diseases. Here we will review the current information about the characteristics of different macrophage phenotypes, mainly focused on macrophage-related cytokines, with special attention to the chemokine CCL18, and its murine functional homolog CCL8, and the macrophage marker CD163, and their role in kidney pathology.
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