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The Mitochondrial Hsp90 TRAP1 and Alzheimer's Disease

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出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.697913

关键词

protein folding; proteostasis; molecular chaperones; protein quality control; protein aggregation; neurodegeneration; mitochondria

资金

  1. Campaign Team Huntington
  2. ZonMW TOP-grant Chaperoning axonal transport
  3. Alzheimer Nederland

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This article discusses the molecular mechanism and cellular function of TRAP1, and explores possible links to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). TRAP1, as a member of the Hsp90 family, plays a crucial role in chaperoning essential cellular proteins despite not being regulated by co-chaperones like its cytosolic counterparts. It is also involved in maintaining mitochondrial integrity by regulating mitochondrial pore opening through Cyclophilin D.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterised by intra- and extracellular protein aggregation. In AD, the cellular protein quality control (PQC) system is derailed and fails to prevent the formation of these aggregates. Especially the mitochondrial paralogue of the conserved Hsp90 chaperone class, tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), is strongly downregulated in AD, more than other major PQC factors. Here, we review molecular mechanism and cellular function of TRAP1 and subsequently discuss possible links to AD. TRAP1 is an interesting paradigm for the Hsp90 family, as it chaperones proteins with vital cellular function, despite not being regulated by any of the co-chaperones that drive its cytosolic paralogues. TRAP1 encloses late folding intermediates in a non-active state. Thereby, it is involved in the assembly of the electron transport chain, and it favours the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Another key function is that it ensures mitochondrial integrity by regulating the mitochondrial pore opening through Cyclophilin D. While it is still unclear whether TRAP1 itself is a driver or a passenger in AD, it might be a guide to identify key factors initiating neurodegeneration.

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