Reduced Relative Sensitivity of the Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Assay in Saliva Compared to Nasopharyngeal Swabs

Article Infectious Diseases

Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a cross-sectional study

E. Pasomsub et al.

Summary: Saliva may serve as an alternative specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19, with high sensitivity and specificity compared to nasopharyngeal and throat swab RT-PCR.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Immunology

Sensitivity of Nasopharyngeal Swabs and Saliva for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Alainna J. Jamal et al.

Summary: A study of 91 inpatients with COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada, found that nasopharyngeal swabs had a sensitivity of 89% compared to saliva's 72% sensitivity when tested with real-time RT-PCR. The difference in sensitivity was more pronounced for sample pairs collected later in the course of the illness.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Comparing Nasopharyngeal Swab and Early Morning Saliva for the Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Mohan Rao et al.

Summary: This study shows that saliva is a better alternative specimen for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 was higher in saliva compared to NPS, and saliva collection is simple and can reduce exposure to healthcare workers.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS

Livia Melo Villar et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Article Virology

Deep throat saliva as an alternative diagnostic specimen type for the detection of SARS-CoV-2

Eddie Chi-man Leung et al.

Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR was equivalent in deep throat saliva (DTS) and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) specimens. Clear instruction or supervision for patients during DTS collection is important.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Mass Screening of Asymptomatic Persons for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Using Saliva

Isao Yokota et al.

Summary: This mass screening study showed that both NPS and saliva specimens had high sensitivity and specificity, with self-collected saliva specimens being valuable for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in mass screening of asymptomatic individuals. Viral load was highly correlated between NPS and saliva specimens in individuals testing positive.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Pathology

Accuracy and stability of saliva as a sample for reverse transcription PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2

Yoshifumi Uwamino et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Serial semiquantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples

Ming-Hui Mao et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

A novel strategy for SARS-CoV-2 mass screening with quantitative antigen testing of saliva: a diagnostic accuracy study

Isao Yokota et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the utility of CLEIA in mass SARS-CoV-2 screening and found that CLEIA testing of self-collected saliva is simple and provides results quickly, making it suitable for mass testing initiatives.

LANCET MICROBE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Saliva Is a Promising Alternative Specimen for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Adults

Rebecca Yee et al.

Summary: Overall concordances for saliva and NPS were 91.0% and 94.7% respectively, with positive percent agreement (PPA) values of 81.4% and 89.7%. Saliva detected 10 additional positive cases compared to NPS. Both saliva and NPS showed comparable performance for symptomatic and asymptomatic pediatric patients not previously diagnosed with COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Evaluation of the rapid antigen test Panbio COVID-19 in saliva and nasal swabs in a population-based point-of-care study

Vanesa Agullo et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Article Biophysics

Hitting the diagnostic sweet spot: Point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 salivary antigen testing with an off-the-shelf glucometer

Naveen K. Singh et al.

Summary: The study introduces an aptamer-based SARS-CoV-2 salivary antigen assay that utilizes low-cost reagents and an off-the-shelf glucometer. This test is highly scalable, provides rapid results within 1 hour, and can accurately detect viral loads in infected specimens while distinguishing them from uninfected controls.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Immunochromatographic test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva

Katsuhito Kashiwagi et al.

Summary: The rapid immunochromatographic test showed promising results in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigen in saliva specimens from COVID-19 hospitalized patients, which could be useful for diagnosing COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Immunochromatography and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for COVID-19 diagnosis

Toshiaki Ishii et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the utility of two SARSCoV-2 antigen detection methods, with Espline showing high sensitivity for nasopharyngeal swabs and Lumipulse demonstrating high sensitivity for both nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva samples. However, Lumipulse had slightly lower specificity for saliva samples compared to nasopharyngeal swabs.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Detection by Carbon Nanotube-Based Near-Infrared Nanosensors

Rebecca L. Pinals et al.

Summary: Developing tools for rapid and accessible diagnosis of actively infected individuals, a SWCNT-based sensor functionalized with ACE2 was introduced for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection. The sensor exhibited a robust 2-fold fluorescence increase within 90 minutes of exposure to the virus spike protein, showing potential for practical application in diagnostic settings. The study demonstrated the stability and sensing capacity of the ACE2-SWCNT nanosensors in various mediums, highlighting their potential as a rapid optical tool for COVID-19 detection.

NANO LETTERS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Nasopharyngeal Panbio COVID-19 Antigen Performed at Point-of-Care Has a High Sensitivity in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients With Higher Risk for Transmission and Older Age

Mar Masia et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively evaluated the performance of the nasopharyngeal Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device in different clinical scenarios and on different samples. The test showed good sensitivity in symptomatic patients with Ct <30 and older age, and was helpful in identifying asymptomatic patients with lower Ct values.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Saliva collected in universal transport media is an effective, simple and high-volume amenable method to detect SARS-CoV-2

Byron M. Berenger et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical performance of the Abbott Panbio with nasopharyngeal, throat, and saliva swabs among symptomatic individuals with COVID-19

William Stokes et al.

Summary: The Panbio antigen test helps combat COVID-19 by reliably detecting SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic adults within 7 days of symptom onset using nasopharyngeal swabs. However, throat and saliva swabs are not suitable for Panbio testing.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Efficacy and validity of automated quantitative chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen test from saliva specimen in the diagnosis of COVID-19

Nobuhiro Asai et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the automated quantitative CLEIA antigen test using a saliva sample for COVID-19. Results showed that the test had high sensitivity and specificity, making it a valuable diagnostic tool for the disease.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Accuracy of rapid antigen detection test for nasopharyngeal swab specimens and saliva samples in comparison with RT-PCR and viral culture for SARS-CoV-2 detection

Yoshifumi Uwamino et al.

Summary: The study found that the positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 RAD test using saliva samples was low throughout the clinical course, with poor concordance between nasopharyngeal swab specimens and saliva samples. However, a substantially high concordance between the RAD test and viral culture results suggests its potential utility as an auxiliary test for estimating SARS-CoV-2 viability.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

N-protein presents early in blood, dried blood and saliva during asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Dandan Shan et al.

Summary: The study introduces a highly sensitive Simoa immunoassay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in venous and dried capillary blood as well as saliva, showing good performance in symptomatic, asymptomatic, and pre-symptomatic PCR+ individuals.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Saliva Is a Valid Alternative to Nasopharyngeal Swab in Chemiluminescence-Based Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen

Alessandra Amendola et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the performance of a chemiluminescence-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection method in saliva samples, showing high reliability and accuracy, especially in individuals with high viral loads. However, in a low prevalence setting, confirmatory testing is still necessary to improve the positive predictive value.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

High Efficacy of Saliva in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in Adults and Children

Michael Huber et al.

Summary: Saliva has been established as a reliable specimen for detecting SARS-CoV-2, particularly advantageous for testing children, and is readily applicable to increase and facilitate repetitive and mass testing in adults and children.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Salivary SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid detection: A prospective cohort study

Daniela Basso et al.

Summary: Self-collected saliva is a valid alternative to NPS for SARS-CoV-2 detection by molecular testing, and also shows effectiveness in CLEIA antigen testing. CLEIA antigen is highly accurate in distinguishing positive and negative NPS, while saliva POC antigen has limited sensitivity depending on viral loads.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2021)

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Letter Immunology

A Concern Regarding Estimated Sensitivities and Specificities of Nasopharyngeal and Saliva Specimens for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Kentaro Iwata et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Consistent Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Saliva

Kelvin Kai-Wang To et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Letter Microbiology

Saliva as an Alternate Specimen Source for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic Patients Using Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2

Clare McCormick-Baw et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Microbiology

Saliva as a Noninvasive Specimen for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Eloise Williams et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2

Lorenzo Azzi et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Article Immunology

Evaluating the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva in a point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2

Jonathan Hon-Kwan Chen et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Saliva-Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak

Pingping Han et al.

DIAGNOSTICS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Posterior Oropharyngeal Saliva for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Sally Cheuk Ying Wong et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Saliva as a diagnostic specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected patients: a scoping review

Omid Fakheran et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Saliva Sampling and Its Direct Lysis, an Excellent Option To Increase the Number of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Tests in Settings with Supply Shortages

Joaquin Moreno-Contreras et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Surgery

Saliva as a Potential Diagnostic Specimen for COVID-19 Testing

Pandurangan Harikrishnan

JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva

Sumio Iwasaki et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Article Immunology

Prospective Study Comparing Deep Throat Saliva With Other Respiratory Tract Specimens in the Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019

Christopher K. C. Lai et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Saliva is a reliable, non-invasive specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection

Sara Nunes Vaz et al.

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

At-home self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and serology: Post-collection acceptability of specimen collection process and patient confidence in specimens

Mariah Valentine-Graves et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

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Article Microbiology

A Direct Comparison of Enhanced Saliva to Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic Patients

Gary W. Procop et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Virology

Saliva sampling for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections in symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers

Marion Migueres et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Virology

Evaluation on testing of deep throat saliva and lower respiratory tract specimens with Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay

River Chun-Wai Wong et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Virology

Challenges in use of saliva for detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA in symptomatic outpatients

Marie L. Landry et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from infected patients

Jialou Zhu et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Rapid Salivary Test suitable for a mass screening program to detect SARS-CoV-2: A diagnostic accuracy study

Lorenzo Azzi et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Saliva or Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Anne L. Wyllie et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring

Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodriguez et al.

MATTER (2020)

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Article Pediatrics

Saliva as a promising biofluid for SARS-CoV-2 detection during the early stages of infection

Briceida Lopez-Martinez et al.

BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva

Jin Gu Yoon et al.

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Saliva-based PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection

Yoshimasa Takeuchi et al.

JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Reduced Relative Sensitivity of the Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Assay in Saliva Compared to Nasopharyngeal Swabs

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