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An Antigenic Thrift-Based Approach to Influenza Vaccine Design

期刊

VACCINES
卷 9, 期 6, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060657

关键词

vaccine; vaccination; influenza; evolutionary theory; antigenic drift; antigenic thrift

资金

  1. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/M011224/1]
  2. Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford DPhil Scholarship program
  3. Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The antigenic drift theory posits that influenza evolves through gradual mutations, while the competing theory of antigenic thrift suggests that immune selection targets epitopes of limited variability, constraining the virus' variability. Both theories aim to explain the dominance of a single or limited number of influenza strains each season, despite the potential for multiple strains to co-circulate based on mutation in multiple epitopes.
The antigenic drift theory states that influenza evolves via the gradual accumulation of mutations, decreasing a host's immune protection against previous strains. Influenza vaccines are designed accordingly, under the premise of antigenic drift. However, a paradox exists at the centre of influenza research. If influenza evolved primarily through mutation in multiple epitopes, multiple influenza strains should co-circulate. Such a multitude of strains would render influenza vaccines quickly inefficacious. Instead, a single or limited number of strains dominate circulation each influenza season. Unless additional constraints are placed on the evolution of influenza, antigenic drift does not adequately explain these observations. Here, we explore the constraints placed on antigenic drift and a competing theory of influenza evolution - antigenic thrift. In contrast to antigenic drift, antigenic thrift states that immune selection targets epitopes of limited variability, which constrain the variability of the virus. We explain the implications of antigenic drift and antigenic thrift and explore their current and potential uses in the context of influenza vaccine design.

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