期刊
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
卷 6, 期 64, 页码 -出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abk0894
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资金
- EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowship [ALTF 1062-2020]
- Wenner-Gren Postdoctoral Fellowship
- UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium - National Institute for Health Research/UK Research and Innovation
- Acta Oto-Laryngologica Stiftelse
- Swedish Research Council
- Karolinska Institutet
- Jeanssons Stiftelser
- Ake Wibergs Stiftelse
- Swedish Society of Medicine
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Hedlunds Stiftelse
- Lars Hiertas Stiftelse
- Jonas Soderquist Stiftelse
- Stiftelsen Clas Groschinskys Minnesfond
The study found that in individuals who had not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4(+) T cells were similar in tonsils and peripheral blood, but functional SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8(+) T cells were mostly found in tonsils. This suggests that preexisting tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells in unexposed individuals could potentially mount rapid immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
Cross-reactive CD4(+) T cells that recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are more commonly detected in the peripheral blood of unexposed individuals compared with SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8(+) T cells. However, large numbers of memory CD8(+) T cells reside in tissues, feasibly harboring localized SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses. To test this idea, we performed a comprehensive functional and phenotypic analysis of virus-specific T cells in tonsils, a major lymphoid tissue site in the upper respiratory tract, and matched peripheral blood samples obtained from children and adults before the emergence of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We found that SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4(+) T cells could be found at similar frequencies in the tonsils and peripheral blood in unexposed individuals, whereas functional SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8(+) T cells were almost only detectable in the tonsils. Tonsillar SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8(+) T cells displayed a follicular homing and tissue-resident memory phenotype, similar to tonsillar Epstein-Barr virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells, but were functionally less potent than other virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cell responses. The presence of preexisting tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells in unexposed individuals could potentially enable rapid sentinel immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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