How CO2 emission interacts with livestock production for environmental sustainability? evidence from Pakistan

The primary component of air pollution and variation in global warming is deemed with carbon dioxide emissions. Livestock has an important contribution to farm production and is a backbone for every economy's economic progress. The current analysis main motive was to examine the influence of CO2 emission to livestock production in Pakistan by taking annual data that varies from 1972 to 2019. The data stationarity was rectified via unit root tests. Further, in order to investigate the association of variables via short- and long-run assessment, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used. Outcomes across long-run expose that the variables milk, mutton, fats, skins and blood production have positive and constructive association with CO2 emission have coefficients (6.631603), (0.385370), (10.54420), (3.546603) and (2.580877) correspondingly with probability values (0.3994), (0.9478), (0.1145), (0.5173) and (0.3550), respectively, while poultry meat, eggs, hair, hides, bones, beef and wool production have adverse interaction with carbon dioxide emission. Furthermore, outcomes via short-run also expose that milk, mutton, fats, skins, blood production exposed a constructive interaction with CO2 emission, while the variables poultry meat, eggs, hair, hides, bones, beef and wool production have an adverse interaction with CO2 emission in Pakistan. The Pakistani government needs possible conservative policies for demonising CO2 emissions in order to increase both livestock output and food production.

Automated summary

This study investigated the impact of CO2 emissions on livestock production in Pakistan, revealing that milk, mutton, fats, skins, and blood production have a positive association with CO2 emissions, while poultry meat, eggs, hair, hides, bones, beef, and wool production have a negative interaction with CO2 emissions.