Reproductive Potential of Stone Moroko (Pseudorasbora parva, Temminck et Schlegel, 1846) (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Gobionidae) Inhabiting Central Europe

Simple Summary Stone moroko (topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva) is a small fish that originates from the East Asia. The fish is an invasive species that extends its global distribution. The study aimed to assess the reproductive potential of the stone moroko in a new habitat in central Europe based on an analysis of the sexual cycle. A rapid sexual maturation and high-fecundity spawning in portions prolonged the four-month reproductive period, which enables a rapid increase in population size and density on a newly inhabited area. Furthermore, the smaller investment in gonad development in males allows them to retain vitality for nest protection and a longer reproductive season compared to the autochthonous cyprinid fish. The present study suggests that stone moroko population in Central Europe may exhibit a higher reproductive potential than native populations. Similar to other invasive species, stone moroko is extending its global distribution. The present study aimed to assess the reproductive potential of stone moroko fish in a new habitat in Poland based on analysing the sexual cycle and fecundity. Fish morphometric data, age, and gonadal structures were analysed. Fish age ranged from 0+ to 5+ years. Most females and males (93% and 60%, respectively) had reached sexual maturity in the first year of their life, with the smallest length of 25 mm and 28 mm, respectively. The mean, standard length of the body was 50 mm. The spawning season was spread over four months from late-April to mid-August. Females laid eggs in portions, and the absolute and relative fecundity was 1372 and 1691, respectively. Stone moroko males were ready to spawn for a longer time period than females. The present study shows greater reproductive potential of stone moroko population in the central Europe than the native population, suggesting its successful colonisation in the new habitat.

Automated summary

The study found that the stone moroko population in Central Europe has a higher reproductive potential than native populations, with males being able to maintain longer spawning periods and more vitality for nest protection.