Immunohistochemical Characterization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Canine Lymphomas

Simple Summary In human lymphomas, it has been shown that the macrophages present in the tumor have an influence on their behavior; however, studies on this topic are scarce in veterinary medicine. The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the amount and type of macrophage infiltrates with histological grade and immunophenotype in cases of canine lymphoma. Samples from the lymph nodes of 25 dogs with lymphoma were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the tumor immunophenotype (CD3 and CD20 antibodies) and the macrophage characterization (Iba1, CD163, iNOS and MAC387 antibodies). Results showed that the highest number of macrophages were found in high-grade and B-cell lymphomas; the latter also presented the greatest amount of M1 and M2 macrophages. High-grade lymphomas showed a greater number of M2 and recently recruited macrophages that were most abundant in T than in B-cell lymphomas. In conclusion, the number and type of macrophages present in canine lymphoma are related to the immunophenotype and the grade. In those with a high grade, macrophages are actively recruited and show a predominant M2 phenotype, which has been associated with a protumoral activity. Macrophages have been confirmed to play a significant role in the behavior of human lymphomas, albeit no consistent data are so far available in canine lymphomas. The present study characterizes the macrophages present in cases of canine nodal lymphoma and their relationship with the histological grade and the immunophenotype. Samples from the lymph nodes of 25 dogs diagnosed with lymphoma were selected. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the tumor immunophenotype (CD3 and CD20 antibodies) and macrophage characterization (Iba1, MAC387, CD204, CD163 and iNOS antibodies). Macrophage counting was performed in 10 randomly selected, high-power fields per sample. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were used for statistical analysis. A significantly greater number of macrophages (Iba1+) were detected in high-grade and B-cell lymphomas. The highest amount of both M1 (iNOS+) and M2 (CD204+ and CD163+) subtypes were observed in B-cell lymphomas. High-grade lymphomas showed a greater number of CD204+ and CD163+ cells and recently recruited MAC387+ macrophages. The latter were most abundant in T than in B-cell lymphomas. In conclusion, a significant population of macrophages is present in canine lymphomas, which constitute a heterogeneous population that shows variations in the amount and immunohistochemical profile according to the histological grade and immunophenotype.

Automated summary

This study investigated the relationship between macrophage infiltrates and histological grade and immunophenotype in cases of canine lymphoma. Results showed that high-grade and B-cell lymphomas had the highest number of macrophages, with a predominant M2 phenotype. The findings suggest a complex interaction between macrophages, tumor behavior, and immune response in canine lymphoma.