The Effects of Vehicle Type, Transport Duration and Pre-Transport Feeding on the Welfare of Sheep Transported in Low Temperatures

Simple Summary Sheep are often transported in cold conditions. Some of the coldest exist in northern China and we tested the effects of transporting sheep in these conditions. In order to find out how to limit any of the cold temperatures' adverse effects, we tested journeys of two durations, in covered and open trucks, and investigated the effects of feeding sheep before transport. We found that sheep had less evidence of cold stress in a covered vehicle. Longer journeys actually allowed the sheep to warm up, but sheep appeared more stressed after the long journeys. Feeding the sheep before transport also helped to ameliorate the adverse effects of cold stress. Low temperatures can provide a risk to the welfare of sheep during transport because of increased ventilation chilling the sheep, and we examined the importance of three factors-covering the vehicle, duration of transport, and feeding prior to transport-on the welfare of sixty transported 4-month-old Dorper x Mongolian female sheep in a cold climate. Sheep in a covered vehicle had greater increases in head and ear temperatures than those in an open vehicle. Sheep transported for 2 h increased their leg temperatures, whereas those transported for 1 h had reduced leg temperatures. Increases in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood samples during the long transport suggested that sheep had more muscular and metabolic activity, compromising their well-being. Feeding prior to transport did not affect body temperatures, but those not fed prior to transport had reduced alanine transferase, HSP and cortisol in their blood, whereas those that were fed had reduced NEFAs, LDH and creatine kinase. Prior feeding had no effect on the sheep temperature indices over a two-hour transport period. Thus, the sheep most at risk of the adverse effects of cold temperatures were those transported in open vehicles, those transported for a longer time, and those not fed before transport.

Automated summary

Testing the effects of transporting sheep in cold conditions revealed that sheep in covered vehicles experienced less cold stress, while longer journeys led to increased stress levels. Feeding the sheep before transport helped mitigate the adverse effects of cold stress. Various factors such as vehicle covering, transport duration, and pre-transport feeding were found to significantly impact the welfare of transported sheep in cold climates.