Optimal Soft Composites for Under-Actuated Soft Robots

Material properties and composite structures play key roles in tailoring the performance of soft robots. Unfortunately, current design and fabrication approaches limit achievable complexity and functionality in these two categories and hinder soft robot performance. Here, an approach that allows design and direct fabrication of novel soft composite structures is presented. The process uses computational topology optimization to determine the required 3D composite structure of soft hyper-elastic bodies. The direct fabrication of the soft composite structures using an all-in-one fabrication workflow with resilient silicone polymers enables precise tailoring of mechanical properties. By applying this approach to the design and fabrication of an underwater batoid-inspired soft robot, significant swimming performance improvements is demonstrated. An optimized composite prototype displays 50% faster swimming speeds, 28% faster turning rates, and 55% smaller turning radii than un-optimized benchmark prototypes.

Automated summary

Material properties and composite structures are crucial in shaping the performance of soft robots. A novel approach that allows design and direct fabrication of soft composite structures is presented, utilizing computational topology optimization and resilient silicone polymers for precise mechanical property tailoring. This approach has demonstrated significant swimming performance improvements in underwater soft robots, with optimized prototypes showing faster swimming speeds, turning rates, and smaller turning radii compared to un-optimized benchmark prototypes.