期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 43, 期 5, 页码 2192-2199出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2016GL067861
关键词
Southern Ocean; internal variability; Weddell Sea Polynya; deep convection; sea ice; Antarctic climate
资金
- European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ ERC [610055]
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [2461]
- Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship
- GEOMAR
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [0944348] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Simulations with a free-running coupled climate model show that heat release associated with Southern Ocean deep convection variability can drive centennial-scale Antarctic temperature variations of up to 2.0 degrees C. The mechanism involves three steps: Preconditioning: heat accumulates at depth in the Southern Ocean; Convection onset: wind and/or sea ice changes tip the buoyantly unstable system into the convective state; and Antarctic warming: fast sea ice-albedo feedbacks (on annual-decadal time scales) and slow Southern Ocean frontal and sea surface temperature adjustments to convective heat release (on multidecadal-century time scales) drive an increase in atmospheric heat and moisture transport toward Antarctica. We discuss the potential of this mechanism to help drive and amplify climate variability as observed in Antarctic ice core records.
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